NUSC 1165 Exam 2 questions with
verified solutions
Digestive system - correct answer ✔✔-Ingestion and digestion of food
-Facilitates the movement of nutrients into the body
-Responsible for eliminating unabsorbed waste
Nervous system - correct answer ✔✔Sends nerve signals to help control the passage of food
throughout the digestive tract
Endocrine system - correct answer ✔✔Produces hormones to regulate food intake and the
function of digestive organs
Urinary system - correct answer ✔✔Elimination of fluids, nitrogen
Respiratory system - correct answer ✔✔Removes CO2
integumentary system - correct answer ✔✔Removes water, sweat, and minerals from the body
Define digestion - correct answer ✔✔- Breaking food into components small enough so it can
be absorbed into the body
- Energy yielding nutrients: carbs, protein, fat
Define absorption - correct answer ✔✔Process of taking substances directly into the body
Function of stomach - correct answer ✔✔-Churns and mixes food
,-Secretes acid and a protein-digesting enzyme
Function of small intestine - correct answer ✔✔-Completes digestion
-Absorbs nutrients into the blood or lymph
Function of large intestine - correct answer ✔✔-Absorbs water and some vitamins and minerals
-Home to intestinal bacteria
-Passes waste material
Accessory organs and functions - correct answer ✔✔-Salivary glands: produce saliva, which
contains a starch-digesting enzyme
-Liver: makes bile, which aids in digestion and absorption of fat
-Pancreas: releases bicarbonate to neutralize intestinal contents and produces enzymes that
digest carbohydrates, protein, and fat
-Gall Bladder: stores bile and releases it into the SI when needed
Structure of gut wall and function - correct answer ✔✔-Layers of Smooth Muscle: contraction
and the breakdown of food
- Connective Tissue: nerves and blood vessels
-External Layer of Connective Tissue: support and protection
-Mucosa: protective layer with life span of 2-5 days
, Transit time - correct answer ✔✔The amount of time taken for food to pass through the entire
length of the digestive tract
- Healthy adults: 24-72 hours
Factors affecting transit time - correct answer ✔✔Diet composition, physical activity,
medications, emotions, illnesses
Digestive secretion - correct answer ✔✔Mucus:
-Viscous fluid secreted by glands in the mucosal lining of the GI tract
-Moistens, lubricates, and protects the digestive tract from harsh environments
Enzymes
-Protein molecules that speed up the rate of chemical reactions without undergoing any
changes
-Accelerates nutrient breakdown during digestion
-Specific enzymes that break down different nutrients
Regulation of GI function - correct answer ✔✔Nerves
-Stimulated by thought, sight, smell, and presence of food
-Causes muscles contractions that churn, mix, and propel food through the gut
-Stimulate or inhibit gastric secretions
-Coordinate digestive activity with other body functions
Hormones
-Chemical messengers produced in an organ
-Released into the blood and elicit responses at other locations in the body
verified solutions
Digestive system - correct answer ✔✔-Ingestion and digestion of food
-Facilitates the movement of nutrients into the body
-Responsible for eliminating unabsorbed waste
Nervous system - correct answer ✔✔Sends nerve signals to help control the passage of food
throughout the digestive tract
Endocrine system - correct answer ✔✔Produces hormones to regulate food intake and the
function of digestive organs
Urinary system - correct answer ✔✔Elimination of fluids, nitrogen
Respiratory system - correct answer ✔✔Removes CO2
integumentary system - correct answer ✔✔Removes water, sweat, and minerals from the body
Define digestion - correct answer ✔✔- Breaking food into components small enough so it can
be absorbed into the body
- Energy yielding nutrients: carbs, protein, fat
Define absorption - correct answer ✔✔Process of taking substances directly into the body
Function of stomach - correct answer ✔✔-Churns and mixes food
,-Secretes acid and a protein-digesting enzyme
Function of small intestine - correct answer ✔✔-Completes digestion
-Absorbs nutrients into the blood or lymph
Function of large intestine - correct answer ✔✔-Absorbs water and some vitamins and minerals
-Home to intestinal bacteria
-Passes waste material
Accessory organs and functions - correct answer ✔✔-Salivary glands: produce saliva, which
contains a starch-digesting enzyme
-Liver: makes bile, which aids in digestion and absorption of fat
-Pancreas: releases bicarbonate to neutralize intestinal contents and produces enzymes that
digest carbohydrates, protein, and fat
-Gall Bladder: stores bile and releases it into the SI when needed
Structure of gut wall and function - correct answer ✔✔-Layers of Smooth Muscle: contraction
and the breakdown of food
- Connective Tissue: nerves and blood vessels
-External Layer of Connective Tissue: support and protection
-Mucosa: protective layer with life span of 2-5 days
, Transit time - correct answer ✔✔The amount of time taken for food to pass through the entire
length of the digestive tract
- Healthy adults: 24-72 hours
Factors affecting transit time - correct answer ✔✔Diet composition, physical activity,
medications, emotions, illnesses
Digestive secretion - correct answer ✔✔Mucus:
-Viscous fluid secreted by glands in the mucosal lining of the GI tract
-Moistens, lubricates, and protects the digestive tract from harsh environments
Enzymes
-Protein molecules that speed up the rate of chemical reactions without undergoing any
changes
-Accelerates nutrient breakdown during digestion
-Specific enzymes that break down different nutrients
Regulation of GI function - correct answer ✔✔Nerves
-Stimulated by thought, sight, smell, and presence of food
-Causes muscles contractions that churn, mix, and propel food through the gut
-Stimulate or inhibit gastric secretions
-Coordinate digestive activity with other body functions
Hormones
-Chemical messengers produced in an organ
-Released into the blood and elicit responses at other locations in the body
