GCU BIO322 Exam 1 (Pathophysiology)

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy - X-LINKED RECESSIVE XmY = Affected XmX = Female, Carrier Gower sign calf pseudohypertrophy, lordosis Increase in Creatine Kinase Idiopathic - unknown cause Iatrogenic - produced by treatment (ex. chemo) Noscomial - infection acquired in a hospital 2 most common nosocomial infections - 1. UTI 2. Pneumonia Predisposing Factors - age, sex, environment, lifestyle, heredity SOAP - subjective (chief complain), objective (vitals/physical exam), assessment (diagnosis), plan Hypertonic & Hypotonic - Hypertonic: Cells shrink (ex. dehydration) Hypotonic: Cells swell (ex. inflammation - edema) GCU GCU 3 Electrolytes to know: - Sodium: wants to come in Potassium: wants to leave Calcium: wants to come in 5 signs of inflammation - heat, redness, swelling, pain, loss of function Hyperemia - redness of the skin due to increased blood flow, causes heat in the area Atrophy - decrease in cell size Hypertrophy - increase in cell size, increased work demand on hormones ex. cardiomegaly due to Hypertension Hyperplasia - increase in number of cells, increased rate of cellular division ex. BPH, callus Metaplasia - reversible replacement of one mature cell type by another less mature cell type ex. Barret's esophagus, Bronchial metaplasia Dysplasia - abnormal development or growth of cells, tissues, or organs ex. cervical dysplasia as seen on pap smear