Biology 121: Exam 2 Study Guide
UPDATED Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
plasma membrane - CORRECT ANSWER - - Composed of a bilayer of phospholipids
- Permeable membrane
- Encloses the contents of a cell
- allows water, oxygen, carbon dioxide molecules move freely in and out of cell
- Larger molecules such as sugars and amino acids are carefully regulated
- acts as filter
cell wall function (prokaryotic) - CORRECT ANSWER - - in plants
- rigid structure
- made of peptidoglycans
- gives bacterium its shape
- surrounds the cytoplasmic membrane
- made of cellulose
-
Cytoplasm function - CORRECT ANSWER - - A jelly-like fluid inside the cell in which the
organelles are suspended.
- composed of water, enzymes, nutrients, wastes, proteins, and gases
- cell growth, metabolism, replication occurs here
- the soup of the cell
-
nuclear membrane (nuclear envelope) - CORRECT ANSWER - - a double membrane that
surrounds the nucleus
, - contains pores that allow the passage of materials in and out of the nucleus
- porous envelope surrounding the nucleus directing materials in and out
- found in both plant and animal cells
Nucleus function - CORRECT ANSWER - - the command center of the cell that contains the
chromosomes or genetic material
- controls metabolism, growth, protein synthesis, and cell division
- chromatin
Nucleolus - CORRECT ANSWER - - membrane-free organelle
- makes ribosomes
- disappears during cell division
- large/prominent structure in the nucleus
- this is where ribosomes are synthesized/made
Chromatin - CORRECT ANSWER - Its primary functions are
1) to package DNA into a more compact, denser shape
2) to reinforce the DNA macromolecule to allow mitosis
3) to prevent DNA damage
4) to control gene expression and DNA replication. The primary protein components of
chromatin are histones that compact the DNA.
Mitochondrion function - CORRECT ANSWER - - site of cellular respiration
- produces chemical energy in the form of ATP by breaking down glucose
- inner membrane is highly folded
- those folds contain cristae which enhances ATP production
- uses oxygen and releases carbon dioxide
- transforms chemical energy into ATP to be used for cellular work
UPDATED Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
plasma membrane - CORRECT ANSWER - - Composed of a bilayer of phospholipids
- Permeable membrane
- Encloses the contents of a cell
- allows water, oxygen, carbon dioxide molecules move freely in and out of cell
- Larger molecules such as sugars and amino acids are carefully regulated
- acts as filter
cell wall function (prokaryotic) - CORRECT ANSWER - - in plants
- rigid structure
- made of peptidoglycans
- gives bacterium its shape
- surrounds the cytoplasmic membrane
- made of cellulose
-
Cytoplasm function - CORRECT ANSWER - - A jelly-like fluid inside the cell in which the
organelles are suspended.
- composed of water, enzymes, nutrients, wastes, proteins, and gases
- cell growth, metabolism, replication occurs here
- the soup of the cell
-
nuclear membrane (nuclear envelope) - CORRECT ANSWER - - a double membrane that
surrounds the nucleus
, - contains pores that allow the passage of materials in and out of the nucleus
- porous envelope surrounding the nucleus directing materials in and out
- found in both plant and animal cells
Nucleus function - CORRECT ANSWER - - the command center of the cell that contains the
chromosomes or genetic material
- controls metabolism, growth, protein synthesis, and cell division
- chromatin
Nucleolus - CORRECT ANSWER - - membrane-free organelle
- makes ribosomes
- disappears during cell division
- large/prominent structure in the nucleus
- this is where ribosomes are synthesized/made
Chromatin - CORRECT ANSWER - Its primary functions are
1) to package DNA into a more compact, denser shape
2) to reinforce the DNA macromolecule to allow mitosis
3) to prevent DNA damage
4) to control gene expression and DNA replication. The primary protein components of
chromatin are histones that compact the DNA.
Mitochondrion function - CORRECT ANSWER - - site of cellular respiration
- produces chemical energy in the form of ATP by breaking down glucose
- inner membrane is highly folded
- those folds contain cristae which enhances ATP production
- uses oxygen and releases carbon dioxide
- transforms chemical energy into ATP to be used for cellular work
