NR 601 WEEK 3 REAL EXAM 270+ QUESTIONS WITH 100% RATED
CORRECT ANSWERS (ACCURATELY PASSED) 2025 LATEST UPDATED
GET A+
Ch. 24 Constipation and Fecal Incontinence - (ANSWER)Functional bowel disorders
Middle/lower GI
What are considered the initial treatment? - (ANSWER)Conservative therapies
Lifestyle/dietary
Common cause of constipation - (ANSWER)Functional chronic constipation or secondary to
other causes
Common cause of fecal incontenence - (ANSWER)Constipation with fecal impaction
Risk factors for constipation - (ANSWER)Female gender, physical inactivity, low education
and income, polypharmacy, comorbidity, and depression
Chronic constipation - (ANSWER)12 weeks of symptoms
2 or more symptoms:(straining, lumpy hard stools, incomplete evacuation, digital maneuvers,
anorectal obstruction , and dec. in stool frequency (<3/week)
Symptoms for 3 consecutive moths w 6 month onset
IBS-C - (ANSWER)Recurrent abdominal pain or discomfort
,Types of constipation (Primary causes) - (ANSWER)Slow transit
Dyssynergic defecation
IBS-C
Types of fecal incontinence (Primary causes) - (ANSWER)Urgency
Passive (leakage)
Overflow (associated w constipation)
Secondary causes of constipation/ FI - (ANSWER)Malignancy
Meds
Endocrine/metaolic
Neuro
Nutrition
Rheumatologic
Psych
Anatomic
Decreased mobility
Meds that decrease transit time/cause hard stool - (ANSWER)Narcotics, anabolic steroids,
anticonvulsants, anticholinergic agents, antihypertensive agents, tricyclic antidepressants
Meds that increase transit time/cause hard stool - (ANSWER)Antihistamines, calcium and iron
supplements, antidiarrheals, nonsteroidals, and some antacids
Meds that decrease transit time/cause loose stool (diarrhea-inducing drugs) -
(ANSWER)Metformin, high doses of proton-pump inhibitors, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors,
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, colchicine, and chemotherapeutic agents
,Antibiotics
Toxic levels of dig
Laxatives, some NSAIDs
Tube feedings
History - (ANSWER)Exclude secondary causes
Ask about bowel habits *Many older patients do not seek treatment for their symptoms
Dietary intake
Physical exam - (ANSWER)Rectal exam, palpating for hard stool, assessing for masses, anal
fissures, sphincter tone, prostatic hypertrophy in men, hemorrhoids, push effort, and posterior
vaginal masses in women
Lab testing - (ANSWER)Complete blood count, serum calcium, thyroid function tests, and
fecal occult blood testing
What may indicate need for colonoscopy? - (ANSWER)New onset iron-deficiency anemia in
the setting of bowel symptoms
Loose stools/persistent diarrhea should evaluate for - (ANSWER)Infection (C diff, fat
malabsorption, leukocytes)
, Alarm signs/symptoms - (ANSWER)Sudden change in bowel habits, blood mixed in the stool,
unexpected weight loss, or a strong family history of colon cancer
Specialized testing - (ANSWER)Motility studies, anorectal manometry, endoanal ultrasound,
defecography
Nonpharmacologic treatment of chronic constipation - (ANSWER)• Regular bowel pattern
• Exercise
• Fluid intake 91oz
• Avoid excess straining
• Fiber *slowly—5 g/day at 1-week intervals until 25-30 g/day
• Probiotics (Lactobacillus)
• Biofeedback (dyssynergic defecation)
Pharmacologic treatment of chronic constipation (including OTC) - (ANSWER)OTC- bulk-
forming laxatives, stool softeners/emollients, osmotic laxatives, stimulant laxatives, and
suppositories
Rx- osmotic laxatives, colonic secretagogues, opioid antagonists, and 5-hydroxytryptamine
receptor subtype 4 (5-HT4) receptor agonists
Grade A pharm treatments - (ANSWER)Bulking agents- psyllium
Osmotic lax- lactulose
Stimulants- senna, bisacodyl
Chloride channel activator- lubiprostone
CORRECT ANSWERS (ACCURATELY PASSED) 2025 LATEST UPDATED
GET A+
Ch. 24 Constipation and Fecal Incontinence - (ANSWER)Functional bowel disorders
Middle/lower GI
What are considered the initial treatment? - (ANSWER)Conservative therapies
Lifestyle/dietary
Common cause of constipation - (ANSWER)Functional chronic constipation or secondary to
other causes
Common cause of fecal incontenence - (ANSWER)Constipation with fecal impaction
Risk factors for constipation - (ANSWER)Female gender, physical inactivity, low education
and income, polypharmacy, comorbidity, and depression
Chronic constipation - (ANSWER)12 weeks of symptoms
2 or more symptoms:(straining, lumpy hard stools, incomplete evacuation, digital maneuvers,
anorectal obstruction , and dec. in stool frequency (<3/week)
Symptoms for 3 consecutive moths w 6 month onset
IBS-C - (ANSWER)Recurrent abdominal pain or discomfort
,Types of constipation (Primary causes) - (ANSWER)Slow transit
Dyssynergic defecation
IBS-C
Types of fecal incontinence (Primary causes) - (ANSWER)Urgency
Passive (leakage)
Overflow (associated w constipation)
Secondary causes of constipation/ FI - (ANSWER)Malignancy
Meds
Endocrine/metaolic
Neuro
Nutrition
Rheumatologic
Psych
Anatomic
Decreased mobility
Meds that decrease transit time/cause hard stool - (ANSWER)Narcotics, anabolic steroids,
anticonvulsants, anticholinergic agents, antihypertensive agents, tricyclic antidepressants
Meds that increase transit time/cause hard stool - (ANSWER)Antihistamines, calcium and iron
supplements, antidiarrheals, nonsteroidals, and some antacids
Meds that decrease transit time/cause loose stool (diarrhea-inducing drugs) -
(ANSWER)Metformin, high doses of proton-pump inhibitors, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors,
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, colchicine, and chemotherapeutic agents
,Antibiotics
Toxic levels of dig
Laxatives, some NSAIDs
Tube feedings
History - (ANSWER)Exclude secondary causes
Ask about bowel habits *Many older patients do not seek treatment for their symptoms
Dietary intake
Physical exam - (ANSWER)Rectal exam, palpating for hard stool, assessing for masses, anal
fissures, sphincter tone, prostatic hypertrophy in men, hemorrhoids, push effort, and posterior
vaginal masses in women
Lab testing - (ANSWER)Complete blood count, serum calcium, thyroid function tests, and
fecal occult blood testing
What may indicate need for colonoscopy? - (ANSWER)New onset iron-deficiency anemia in
the setting of bowel symptoms
Loose stools/persistent diarrhea should evaluate for - (ANSWER)Infection (C diff, fat
malabsorption, leukocytes)
, Alarm signs/symptoms - (ANSWER)Sudden change in bowel habits, blood mixed in the stool,
unexpected weight loss, or a strong family history of colon cancer
Specialized testing - (ANSWER)Motility studies, anorectal manometry, endoanal ultrasound,
defecography
Nonpharmacologic treatment of chronic constipation - (ANSWER)• Regular bowel pattern
• Exercise
• Fluid intake 91oz
• Avoid excess straining
• Fiber *slowly—5 g/day at 1-week intervals until 25-30 g/day
• Probiotics (Lactobacillus)
• Biofeedback (dyssynergic defecation)
Pharmacologic treatment of chronic constipation (including OTC) - (ANSWER)OTC- bulk-
forming laxatives, stool softeners/emollients, osmotic laxatives, stimulant laxatives, and
suppositories
Rx- osmotic laxatives, colonic secretagogues, opioid antagonists, and 5-hydroxytryptamine
receptor subtype 4 (5-HT4) receptor agonists
Grade A pharm treatments - (ANSWER)Bulking agents- psyllium
Osmotic lax- lactulose
Stimulants- senna, bisacodyl
Chloride channel activator- lubiprostone
