PSI FNP EXAM 3 COMPLETE GUIDE WITH 100% RATED QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS| GRADED A+ | 2025 LATEST VERSION
1. Why is nasal congestion a serious threat to young infants? - (CORRECT ANSWER)A
Infants up to 2 to 3 months of age are obligatory nose breathers and are unable to breathe in
through their mouths. Nasal congestion is therefore a serious threat to a young infant. This
selection is the only option that accurately describes why nasal congestion is a serious threat to
young infants. Although infants' nares are smaller than older children, this is not the main reason
why congestion poses such a threat. Becoming dehydrated also is not a factor. The size of their
epiglottis is also not as big a factor in young infants.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
2. The risk for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) decreases for premature infants when they
are born between how many weeks of gestation? - (CORRECT ANSWER)D
A lack of surfactant leads to RDS. Surfactant is secreted into fetal airways between 30 and 36
weeks, so a baby born between these weeks would have less of developing RDS.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
3. A healthcare professional is educating a community parent group and informs them that which
type of croup is most common? - (CORRECT ANSWER)B
In 85% of children with croup, a virus is the cause, most commonly parainfluenza. The
healthcare professional would inform the parent group of this fact.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
4. What is the primary cause of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) of the newborn? -
(CORRECT ANSWER)C
,RDS is primarily caused by surfactant deficiency and secondarily by a deficiency in alveolar
surface area for gas exchange. RDS is not caused by having an immature immune system, small
alveoli, or anemia.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
5. What is the primary problem resulting from respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) of the
newborn? - (CORRECT ANSWER)C
The primary problem is atelectasis, which causes significant hypoxemia and is difficult for the
neonate to overcome because a significant negative inspiratory pressure is required to open the
alveoli with each breath. Consolidation, pulmonary edema, and bronchiolar plugging are not the
primary problems in RDS.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
6. Bronchiolitis tends to occur during the first years of life and is most often caused by what type
of infection? - (CORRECT ANSWER)A
The most common associated pathogen is RSV, but bronchiolitis may also be associated with
adenovirus, rhinovirus, influenza, parainfluenza virus (PIV), and Mycoplasma pneumoniae.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
7. Which immunoglobulin (Ig) is present in childhood asthma? - (CORRECT ANSWER)C
Included in the long list of asthma-associated genes are those that code for increased levels of
immune and inflammatory mediators (e.g., interleukin [IL]-4, IgE, leukotrienes), nitric oxide,
and transmembrane proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum. IgM, IgG, and IgA are not associated
with childhood asthma.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
,8. Which T-lymphocyte phenotype is the key determinant of childhood allergic asthma? -
(CORRECT ANSWER)B
Early onset allergic asthma is initiated by a type I hypersensitivity reaction primarily mediated
by Th2 lymphocytes whose cytokines activate mast cells, eosinophilia, leukocytosis, and
enhance B-cell IgE production.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
9. A student asks the healthcare professional why researchers are trying to link specific genes to
specific asthma phenotypes. What response by the professional is best? - (CORRECT
ANSWER)C
Linking specific genes to specific asthma phenotypes is leading to targeted therapies and
personalized approaches to asthma treatment. It may be true that some types are easier to treat or
that some people could use different, less expensive medications, but those responses are too
narrow in focus to be the best answer. Several phenotypes of asthma have already been
recognized.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding
10. Which statement by the healthcare professional accurately describes childhood asthma? -
(CORRECT ANSWER)A
Asthma is an obstructive airway disease characterized by reversible airflow obstruction,
bronchial hyperreactivity, and inflammation. A disease with severe hypoxemia, decreased
compliance, and diffuse densities on chest x-ray is ARDS. The viscous mucus lining the airways
and other organs and tissues is seen in cystic fibrosis. Surfactant deficiency is found in RDS of
the newborn.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding
11. A 7 year-old-child presents to the clinic where parents report signs and symptoms consistent
with asthma. What does the healthcare professional do in order to confirm this diagnosis? -
(CORRECT ANSWER)C
, Confirmation of the diagnosis of asthma relies on pulmonary function testing using spirometry,
which can be accomplished after the child is 5 to 6 years of age. Reduced expiratory flow rates
that are reversible in response to an inhaled bronchodilator would be characteristic abnormalities.
For younger children, an empiric trial of asthma medications is commonly initiated. A positive
parental history of asthma and elevated levels of IgE and eosinophils are major historical and
physical factors that contribute but do not confirm the diagnosis of asthma in children.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying
12. Which statement by the professor best describes acute respiratory distress syndrome
(ARDS)? - (CORRECT ANSWER)B
ARDS is a condition that can result from either a direct or indirect pulmonary insult. It is defined
as respiratory failure of acute onset characterized by severe hypoxemia that is refractory to
treatment with supplemental oxygen, bilateral infiltrates on chest x-ray imaging, and no evidence
of heart failure, as well as decreased pulmonary compliance. The disorder with reversible airflow
limitation is asthma. The disease with viscous mucus that lines the airways and other organs and
tissues is cystic fibrosis. A surfactant deficiency occurs in RDS of the newborn.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
13. When assessing for the signs and symptoms of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS),
the absence of which condition is considered characteristic? - (CORRECT ANSWER)D
ARDS is characterized by progressive respiratory distress, severe hypoxemia refractory to
treatment with supplemental oxygen, decreased pulmonary compliance, bilateral infiltrates on
chest x-ray imaging, and no evidence of heart failure.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
14. Parents bring a 5-year-old to the Emergency Department and report sudden onset of high
fever, drooling, and they describe a "hot potato voice." What action by the healthcare
professional takes priority? - (CORRECT ANSWER)B
This child has manifestations of epiglottitis. Inflammation can lead to airway obstruction rapidly
so the main focus of immediate care is securing the airway and keeping the child calm because
AND CORRECT ANSWERS| GRADED A+ | 2025 LATEST VERSION
1. Why is nasal congestion a serious threat to young infants? - (CORRECT ANSWER)A
Infants up to 2 to 3 months of age are obligatory nose breathers and are unable to breathe in
through their mouths. Nasal congestion is therefore a serious threat to a young infant. This
selection is the only option that accurately describes why nasal congestion is a serious threat to
young infants. Although infants' nares are smaller than older children, this is not the main reason
why congestion poses such a threat. Becoming dehydrated also is not a factor. The size of their
epiglottis is also not as big a factor in young infants.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
2. The risk for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) decreases for premature infants when they
are born between how many weeks of gestation? - (CORRECT ANSWER)D
A lack of surfactant leads to RDS. Surfactant is secreted into fetal airways between 30 and 36
weeks, so a baby born between these weeks would have less of developing RDS.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
3. A healthcare professional is educating a community parent group and informs them that which
type of croup is most common? - (CORRECT ANSWER)B
In 85% of children with croup, a virus is the cause, most commonly parainfluenza. The
healthcare professional would inform the parent group of this fact.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
4. What is the primary cause of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) of the newborn? -
(CORRECT ANSWER)C
,RDS is primarily caused by surfactant deficiency and secondarily by a deficiency in alveolar
surface area for gas exchange. RDS is not caused by having an immature immune system, small
alveoli, or anemia.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
5. What is the primary problem resulting from respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) of the
newborn? - (CORRECT ANSWER)C
The primary problem is atelectasis, which causes significant hypoxemia and is difficult for the
neonate to overcome because a significant negative inspiratory pressure is required to open the
alveoli with each breath. Consolidation, pulmonary edema, and bronchiolar plugging are not the
primary problems in RDS.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
6. Bronchiolitis tends to occur during the first years of life and is most often caused by what type
of infection? - (CORRECT ANSWER)A
The most common associated pathogen is RSV, but bronchiolitis may also be associated with
adenovirus, rhinovirus, influenza, parainfluenza virus (PIV), and Mycoplasma pneumoniae.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
7. Which immunoglobulin (Ig) is present in childhood asthma? - (CORRECT ANSWER)C
Included in the long list of asthma-associated genes are those that code for increased levels of
immune and inflammatory mediators (e.g., interleukin [IL]-4, IgE, leukotrienes), nitric oxide,
and transmembrane proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum. IgM, IgG, and IgA are not associated
with childhood asthma.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
,8. Which T-lymphocyte phenotype is the key determinant of childhood allergic asthma? -
(CORRECT ANSWER)B
Early onset allergic asthma is initiated by a type I hypersensitivity reaction primarily mediated
by Th2 lymphocytes whose cytokines activate mast cells, eosinophilia, leukocytosis, and
enhance B-cell IgE production.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
9. A student asks the healthcare professional why researchers are trying to link specific genes to
specific asthma phenotypes. What response by the professional is best? - (CORRECT
ANSWER)C
Linking specific genes to specific asthma phenotypes is leading to targeted therapies and
personalized approaches to asthma treatment. It may be true that some types are easier to treat or
that some people could use different, less expensive medications, but those responses are too
narrow in focus to be the best answer. Several phenotypes of asthma have already been
recognized.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding
10. Which statement by the healthcare professional accurately describes childhood asthma? -
(CORRECT ANSWER)A
Asthma is an obstructive airway disease characterized by reversible airflow obstruction,
bronchial hyperreactivity, and inflammation. A disease with severe hypoxemia, decreased
compliance, and diffuse densities on chest x-ray is ARDS. The viscous mucus lining the airways
and other organs and tissues is seen in cystic fibrosis. Surfactant deficiency is found in RDS of
the newborn.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding
11. A 7 year-old-child presents to the clinic where parents report signs and symptoms consistent
with asthma. What does the healthcare professional do in order to confirm this diagnosis? -
(CORRECT ANSWER)C
, Confirmation of the diagnosis of asthma relies on pulmonary function testing using spirometry,
which can be accomplished after the child is 5 to 6 years of age. Reduced expiratory flow rates
that are reversible in response to an inhaled bronchodilator would be characteristic abnormalities.
For younger children, an empiric trial of asthma medications is commonly initiated. A positive
parental history of asthma and elevated levels of IgE and eosinophils are major historical and
physical factors that contribute but do not confirm the diagnosis of asthma in children.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying
12. Which statement by the professor best describes acute respiratory distress syndrome
(ARDS)? - (CORRECT ANSWER)B
ARDS is a condition that can result from either a direct or indirect pulmonary insult. It is defined
as respiratory failure of acute onset characterized by severe hypoxemia that is refractory to
treatment with supplemental oxygen, bilateral infiltrates on chest x-ray imaging, and no evidence
of heart failure, as well as decreased pulmonary compliance. The disorder with reversible airflow
limitation is asthma. The disease with viscous mucus that lines the airways and other organs and
tissues is cystic fibrosis. A surfactant deficiency occurs in RDS of the newborn.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
13. When assessing for the signs and symptoms of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS),
the absence of which condition is considered characteristic? - (CORRECT ANSWER)D
ARDS is characterized by progressive respiratory distress, severe hypoxemia refractory to
treatment with supplemental oxygen, decreased pulmonary compliance, bilateral infiltrates on
chest x-ray imaging, and no evidence of heart failure.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
14. Parents bring a 5-year-old to the Emergency Department and report sudden onset of high
fever, drooling, and they describe a "hot potato voice." What action by the healthcare
professional takes priority? - (CORRECT ANSWER)B
This child has manifestations of epiglottitis. Inflammation can lead to airway obstruction rapidly
so the main focus of immediate care is securing the airway and keeping the child calm because
