1. Which of the following is most associated with
aortic dissection?
A. Hyperlipidemia
B. Marfan syndrome
C. Anemia
D. Diabetes mellitus
Answer: B
Rationale: Marfan syndrome weakens connective
tissue, predisposing to aortic dissection.
2. Which of the following is a characteristic feature
of nephrotic syndrome?
A. Hematuria
B. Proteinuria >3.5 g/day
C. Hypoglycemia
D. Hypernatremia
Answer: B
Rationale: Nephrotic syndrome is marked by massive
proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and edema.
,3. Which electrolyte imbalance is most commonly
associated with Addison’s disease?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hypokalemia
C. Hypernatremia
D. Hypercalcemia
Answer: A
Rationale: Addison’s disease causes adrenal
insufficiency, resulting in decreased aldosterone and
sodium retention, leading to potassium retention
(hyperkalemia).
4. The pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis
involves:
A. Non-inflammatory joint degeneration
B. Immune complex-mediated joint inflammation
C. Viral infection of the synovium
D. Cartilage trauma
Answer: B
, Rationale: RA is an autoimmune disease where
immune complexes attack synovial joints, causing
inflammation and destruction.
5. What is the most likely complication of a deep
vein thrombosis (DVT)?
A. Stroke
B. Pulmonary embolism
C. Myocardial infarction
D. Chronic kidney disease
Answer: B
Rationale: A thrombus can dislodge from the deep
veins and travel to the lungs, causing a PE.
6. Which of the following conditions results from a
mutation in the dystrophin gene?
A. Multiple sclerosis
B. Duchenne muscular dystrophy
C. Myasthenia gravis
D. Guillain-Barré syndrome
Answer: B
aortic dissection?
A. Hyperlipidemia
B. Marfan syndrome
C. Anemia
D. Diabetes mellitus
Answer: B
Rationale: Marfan syndrome weakens connective
tissue, predisposing to aortic dissection.
2. Which of the following is a characteristic feature
of nephrotic syndrome?
A. Hematuria
B. Proteinuria >3.5 g/day
C. Hypoglycemia
D. Hypernatremia
Answer: B
Rationale: Nephrotic syndrome is marked by massive
proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and edema.
,3. Which electrolyte imbalance is most commonly
associated with Addison’s disease?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hypokalemia
C. Hypernatremia
D. Hypercalcemia
Answer: A
Rationale: Addison’s disease causes adrenal
insufficiency, resulting in decreased aldosterone and
sodium retention, leading to potassium retention
(hyperkalemia).
4. The pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis
involves:
A. Non-inflammatory joint degeneration
B. Immune complex-mediated joint inflammation
C. Viral infection of the synovium
D. Cartilage trauma
Answer: B
, Rationale: RA is an autoimmune disease where
immune complexes attack synovial joints, causing
inflammation and destruction.
5. What is the most likely complication of a deep
vein thrombosis (DVT)?
A. Stroke
B. Pulmonary embolism
C. Myocardial infarction
D. Chronic kidney disease
Answer: B
Rationale: A thrombus can dislodge from the deep
veins and travel to the lungs, causing a PE.
6. Which of the following conditions results from a
mutation in the dystrophin gene?
A. Multiple sclerosis
B. Duchenne muscular dystrophy
C. Myasthenia gravis
D. Guillain-Barré syndrome
Answer: B
