FRHD 1010 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Puberty - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅the time between the first onrush of hormones and full adult
physical development. Puberty usually lasts three to five years. Many more years are required to
achieve psychosocial maturity.
When does puberty start? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅between 8-14
When does most physical growth and maturation end? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅4 years after first
signs appear
Some individuals add height, weight and muscle until age: - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅20
Girls + puberty - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅observable changes of puberty begin with nipple growth,
then pubic hair, then peak growth spirt, widening of hips, first menstrual period menarche - a girls first
mentrural period, signaling that she has begun ovulation. Pregnancy is biologically possible, but
ovulation and mensturation are often irregular for years after menarche, full pubic hair pattern, and
breast maturation.
Average age of menarche among normal weight girls - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅12 years, 8 months.
Boys + puberty - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅growth of testes, initial pubic hair, growth of penis, first
ejaculation of seminal fluid spermarche - a boys first ejaculation of sperm. Erections can occur as early
as infancy, but ejaculation signals sperm production. Spermarche may occur during sleep (in a "wet
dream") or via direct stimulation, facial hair, peak growth spurt, deepening of voice, final pubic hair
growth.
Typical age of spermarche - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅just under 13 years
Entire process of puberty begins with an invisible event: - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅a marked
hormonal increase.
,Hormones - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅• an organic chemical substance that is produced by one body
tissue and conveyed via the bloodstream to another to affect some physiological function.
o Regulate hunger, sleep, moods, stress, sexual desire, immunity, reproduction, and many other bodily
reactions
Pituitary - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅a gland in the brain that responds to a signal from the
hypothalamus by producing many hormones, including those that regulate growth and that control
other glands, among them the adrenal and sex glands.
Adrenal glands - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅two glands, located above the kidneys, that produce
hormones (including "stress hormones" epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine)
What stimulates adrenal glands? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Pituitary glands produce hormones that
stimulate it
HPA axis - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅a sequence of hormone production that originates in the
hypothalamus, moves to the pituitary, and then ends in the gonads.
In adolescence, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is released by the - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅hypothalamus, causing the pituitary to release gonadotropins (LH&FSH), which in
turn activate the gonads.
What enlarge and increase their production of sex hormones? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅gonads
Estradiol - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅a sex hormone, considered the chief estrogen. Females produce
much more estradiol than males do
Estrogens - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅female hormones
Testosterone - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅a sex hormone, the best known of the androgens (male
hormones); secreted in far greater amounts by males than by females.
,Androgens - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅male hormones
When do psychological disorders in both sexes increase? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅at adolescence,
but males are twice as likely as females to become schizophrenic, whereas females are twice as likely to
become depressed.
Primary sex characteristics - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅• the parts of the body that are directly
involved in reproduction, including the vagina, uterus, ovaries, testicles, and penis
o During puberty, increase dramatically in size and matures in function
Secondary Sex characteristics - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅• physical traits that are not directly
involved in reproduction but that indicate sexual maturity, such as a mans beard and a womans breasts.
o Shape - males widen at shoulders and grow about 13 inches taller than females
o Females - develop breasts and a wider pelvis - neither is required for conception
Variation in puberty is due to: - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅2/3 genetics
Height in average girls is how far ahead of boys? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅2 years
When does female height spurt occur? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅before menarche
When does male growth spirt occur? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅after spermarche
when it comes to hormonal and sexual changes how far ahead are girls? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅only a few months ahead
What is a major influence of onset of puberty? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅body fat
heavy girls reach menarche years earlier than malnourished ones
, How much do most girls have to weigh before menarche? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅45 kg
Secular trend - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅o more food has allowed biological advances.
What happens to each generation? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅o Each generation experienced
puberty a few weeks earlier and grew a cm or so taller than the preceding one.
Leptin - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅o a hormone that affects appetite and is believed to affect the
onset of puberty. Leptin levels increase during childhood and peak at around age 12.
♣ Affect appetite more in females than it does males
♣ U.S. boys who are heavy in childhood reach puberty later
Early maturing girls - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅have lower self-esteem, more depression, and poorer
body image than other girls do
o Sometimes early maturing girls have older boyfriends - which gains them status - but increases risk of
drug and alcohol use, eating disorders, relational bullying, and victims of physical abuse
What can delayed puberty in girls be due to? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅can be hereditary, due to
malnutrition, chromosomal abnormalities, genetic disoders, or illness.
Early maturing boys - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅more aggressive, lawbreaking and alcohol-abusing
than later-maturing boys.
If puberty is both early and quick - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅boys more likely to become depressed.
How does stress affect sexual reproductive system? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅by hastening (not
delaying) the hormonal onset of puberty and by making reproduction more diffiuclt in adulthood.
Puberty - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅the time between the first onrush of hormones and full adult
physical development. Puberty usually lasts three to five years. Many more years are required to
achieve psychosocial maturity.
When does puberty start? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅between 8-14
When does most physical growth and maturation end? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅4 years after first
signs appear
Some individuals add height, weight and muscle until age: - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅20
Girls + puberty - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅observable changes of puberty begin with nipple growth,
then pubic hair, then peak growth spirt, widening of hips, first menstrual period menarche - a girls first
mentrural period, signaling that she has begun ovulation. Pregnancy is biologically possible, but
ovulation and mensturation are often irregular for years after menarche, full pubic hair pattern, and
breast maturation.
Average age of menarche among normal weight girls - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅12 years, 8 months.
Boys + puberty - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅growth of testes, initial pubic hair, growth of penis, first
ejaculation of seminal fluid spermarche - a boys first ejaculation of sperm. Erections can occur as early
as infancy, but ejaculation signals sperm production. Spermarche may occur during sleep (in a "wet
dream") or via direct stimulation, facial hair, peak growth spurt, deepening of voice, final pubic hair
growth.
Typical age of spermarche - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅just under 13 years
Entire process of puberty begins with an invisible event: - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅a marked
hormonal increase.
,Hormones - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅• an organic chemical substance that is produced by one body
tissue and conveyed via the bloodstream to another to affect some physiological function.
o Regulate hunger, sleep, moods, stress, sexual desire, immunity, reproduction, and many other bodily
reactions
Pituitary - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅a gland in the brain that responds to a signal from the
hypothalamus by producing many hormones, including those that regulate growth and that control
other glands, among them the adrenal and sex glands.
Adrenal glands - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅two glands, located above the kidneys, that produce
hormones (including "stress hormones" epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine)
What stimulates adrenal glands? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Pituitary glands produce hormones that
stimulate it
HPA axis - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅a sequence of hormone production that originates in the
hypothalamus, moves to the pituitary, and then ends in the gonads.
In adolescence, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is released by the - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅hypothalamus, causing the pituitary to release gonadotropins (LH&FSH), which in
turn activate the gonads.
What enlarge and increase their production of sex hormones? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅gonads
Estradiol - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅a sex hormone, considered the chief estrogen. Females produce
much more estradiol than males do
Estrogens - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅female hormones
Testosterone - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅a sex hormone, the best known of the androgens (male
hormones); secreted in far greater amounts by males than by females.
,Androgens - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅male hormones
When do psychological disorders in both sexes increase? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅at adolescence,
but males are twice as likely as females to become schizophrenic, whereas females are twice as likely to
become depressed.
Primary sex characteristics - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅• the parts of the body that are directly
involved in reproduction, including the vagina, uterus, ovaries, testicles, and penis
o During puberty, increase dramatically in size and matures in function
Secondary Sex characteristics - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅• physical traits that are not directly
involved in reproduction but that indicate sexual maturity, such as a mans beard and a womans breasts.
o Shape - males widen at shoulders and grow about 13 inches taller than females
o Females - develop breasts and a wider pelvis - neither is required for conception
Variation in puberty is due to: - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅2/3 genetics
Height in average girls is how far ahead of boys? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅2 years
When does female height spurt occur? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅before menarche
When does male growth spirt occur? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅after spermarche
when it comes to hormonal and sexual changes how far ahead are girls? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅only a few months ahead
What is a major influence of onset of puberty? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅body fat
heavy girls reach menarche years earlier than malnourished ones
, How much do most girls have to weigh before menarche? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅45 kg
Secular trend - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅o more food has allowed biological advances.
What happens to each generation? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅o Each generation experienced
puberty a few weeks earlier and grew a cm or so taller than the preceding one.
Leptin - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅o a hormone that affects appetite and is believed to affect the
onset of puberty. Leptin levels increase during childhood and peak at around age 12.
♣ Affect appetite more in females than it does males
♣ U.S. boys who are heavy in childhood reach puberty later
Early maturing girls - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅have lower self-esteem, more depression, and poorer
body image than other girls do
o Sometimes early maturing girls have older boyfriends - which gains them status - but increases risk of
drug and alcohol use, eating disorders, relational bullying, and victims of physical abuse
What can delayed puberty in girls be due to? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅can be hereditary, due to
malnutrition, chromosomal abnormalities, genetic disoders, or illness.
Early maturing boys - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅more aggressive, lawbreaking and alcohol-abusing
than later-maturing boys.
If puberty is both early and quick - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅boys more likely to become depressed.
How does stress affect sexual reproductive system? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅by hastening (not
delaying) the hormonal onset of puberty and by making reproduction more diffiuclt in adulthood.
