Peds Exam 1 and 2 EXAM VERIFIED
SOLUTIONS, SCORED A+
A .nurse .on .a .pediatric .unit .is .practicing .family-centered .care. .Which .is .most
.descriptive .of .the .care .the .nurse .is .delivering?
A) .Taking .over .total .care .of .the .child .to .reduce .stress .on .the .family
B) .Encouraging .family .dependence .on .health .care .systems
C) .Recognizing .that .the .family .is .the .constant .in .a .child's .life
D) .Excluding .families .from .the .decision-making .process .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-
C) .Recognizing .that .the .family .is .the .constant .in .a .child's .life
The .three .key .components .of .family-centered .care .are .respect, .collaboration,
.and .support. .Family-centered .care .recognizes .the .family .as .the .constant .in .the
.child's .life. .Taking .over .total .care .does .not .include .the .family .in .the .process
.and .may .increase .stress .instead .of .reducing .stress. .The .family .should .be
.enabled .and .empowered .to .work .with .the .health .care .system. .The .family .is
.expected .to .be .part .of .the .decision-making .process.
The .nurse .is .preparing .an .in-service .education .to .staff .about .atraumatic .care
.for .pediatric .patients. .Which .intervention .should .the .nurse .include?
A) .Prepare .the .child .for .separation .from .parents .during .hospitalization .by
.reviewing .a .video.
B) .Prepare .the .child .before .any .unfamiliar .treatment .or .procedure .by
.demonstrating .on .a .stuffed .animal.
C) .Help .the .child .accept .the .loss .of .control .associated .with .hospitalization.
D) .Help .the .child .accept .pain .that .is .connected .with .a .treatment .or .procedure. .-
.CORRECT .ANSWER-B) .Prepare .the .child .before .any .unfamiliar .treatment .or
.procedure .by .demonstrating .on .a .stuffed .animal.
Preparing .the .child .for .any .unfamiliar .treatments, .controlling .pain, .allowing
.privacy, .providing .play .activities .for .expression .of .fear .and .aggression,
.providing .choices, .and .respecting .cultural .differences .are .components .of
.atraumatic .care. .In .the .provision .of .atraumatic .care, .the .separation .of .child
.from .parents .during .hospitalization .is .minimized. .The .nurse .should .promote .a
.sense .of .control .for .the .child. .Preventing .and .minimizing .bodily .injury .and .pain
.are .major .components .of .atraumatic .care.
Which .is .the .major .cause .of .death .for .children .older .than .1 .year?
A) .Cancer
B) .Heart .disease
C) .Unintentional .injuries
D) .Congenital .anomalies .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-C) .Unintentional .injuries
,Unintentional .injuries .(accidents) .are .the .leading .cause .of .death .after .age .1
.year .through .adolescence. .Congenital .anomalies .are .the .leading .cause .of
.death .in .those .younger .than .1 .year. .Cancer .ranks .either .second .or .fourth,
.depending .on .the .age .group, .and .heart .disease .ranks .fifth .in .the .majority .of
.the .age .groups.
Parents .of .a .firstborn .child .are .asking .whether .it .is .normal .for .their .child .to .be
.extremely .competitive. .The .nurse .should .respond .to .the .parents .that .studies
.about .the .ordinal .position .of .children .suggest .that .firstborn .children .tend .to:
A) .be .praised .less .often.
B) .be .more .achievement .oriented.
C) .be .more .popular .with .the .peer .group.
D) .identify .with .peer .group .more .than .parents. .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-B) .Be
.more .achievement .oriented
Firstborn .children, .like .only .children, .tend .to .be .more .achievement-oriented.
Being .praised .less .often, .being .more .popular .with .the .peer .group, .and
.identifying .with .peer .groups .more .than .parents .are .characteristics .of .later-born
.children.
An .infant .gains .head .control .before .sitting .unassisted. .The .nurse .recognizes
.that .this .is .which .type .of .development?
A) .Cephalocaudal
B) .Proximodistal
C) .Mass .to .specific
D) .Sequential .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-A) .Cephalocaudal
The .pattern .of .development .that .is .head-to-tail, .or .cephalocaudal, .direction .is
.described .by .an .infant's .ability .to .gain .head .control .before .sitting .unassisted.
.The .head .end .of .the .organism .develops .first .and .is .large .and .complex,
.whereas .the .lower .end .is .smaller .and .simpler, .and .development .takes .place .at
.a .later .time. .Proximodistal, .or .near .to .far, .is .another .pattern .of .development.
.Limb .buds .develop .before .fingers .and .toes. .Postnatally, .the .child .has .control
.of .the .shoulder .before .achieving .mastery .of .the .hands. .Mass .to .specific .is .not
.a .specific .pattern .of .development. .In .all .dimensions .of .growth, .a .definite,
.sequential .pattern .is .followed.
An .infant .who .weighs .7 .pounds .at .birth .would .be .expected .to .weigh .how .many
.pounds .at .age .1 .year?
A) .14
B) .16
C) .18
D) .21 .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-D) .21
In .general, .birth .weight .triples .by .the .end .of .the .first .year .of .life. .For .an .infant
.who .was .7 .pounds .at .birth, .21 .pounds .would .be .the .anticipated .weight .at .the
.first .birthday; .14, .16, .or .18 .pounds .is .below .what .would .be .expected .for .an
.infant .with .a .birth .weight .of .7 .pounds.
,The .nurse .observes .some .children .in .the .playroom. .Which .play .situation
.exhibits .the .characteristics .of .parallel .play?
A) .Kimberly .and .Amanda .sharing .clay .to .each .make .things
B) .Brian .playing .with .his .truck .next .to .Kristina .playing .with .her .truck
C) .Adam .playing .a .board .game .with .Kyle, .Steven, .and .Erich
D) .Danielle .playing .with .a .music .box .on .her .mother's .lap .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-
B) .Brian .playing .with .his .truck .next .to .Kristina .playing .with .her .truck
Playing .with .trucks .next .to .each .other .but .not .together .is .an .example .of
.parallel .play. .Both .children .are .engaged .in .similar .activities .in .proximity .to
.each .other; .however, .they .are .each .engaged .in .their .own .play. .Sharing .clay .to
.make .things .is .characteristic .of .associative .play. .Friends .playing .a .board .game
.together .is .characteristic .of .cooperative .play. .A .child .playing .with .something
.by .herself .on .her .mother's .lap .is .an .example .of .solitary .play.
At .what .age .should .the .nurse .expect .the .anterior .fontanel .to .close?
A) .2 .months
B) .2 .to .4 .months
C) .6 .to .8 .months
D) .12 .to .18 .months .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-D) .12-18 .months
The .anterior .fontanel .normally .closes .between .ages .12 .and .18 .months. .Two .to
.8 .months .is .too .early. .The .expected .closure .of .the .anterior .fontanel .occurs
.between .ages .12 .and .18 .months; .if .it .closes .between .ages .2 .and .8 .months, .the
.child .should .be .referred .for .further .evaluation
The .nurse .is .meeting .a .5-year-old .child .for .the .first .time .and .would .like .the
.child .to .cooperate .during .a .dressing .change. .The .nurse .decides .to .do .a .simple
.magic .trick .using .gauze. .This .should .be .interpreted .as:
A) .inappropriate, .because .of .child's .age.
B) .a .way .to .establish .rapport.
C) .too .distracting, .when .cooperation .is .important.
D) .acceptable, .if .there .is .adequate .time. .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-B) .A .way .to
.establish .rapport
A .magic .trick .or .other .simple .game .may .help .alleviate .anxiety .for .a .5-year-old.
.It .is .an .excellent .method .to .build .rapport .and .facilitate .cooperation .during .a
.procedure. .Magic .tricks .appeal .to .the .natural .curiosity .of .young .children. .The
.nurse .should .establish .rapport .with .the .child. .Failure .to .do .so .may .cause .the
.procedure .to .take .longer .and .be .more .traumatic.
What .is .the .single .most .important .factor .to .consider .when .communicating .with
.children?
A) .The .child's .physical .condition
B) .Presence .or .absence .of .the .child's .parent
C) .The .child's .developmental .level
D) .The .child's .nonverbal .behaviors .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-C) .The .child's
.developmental .level
, The .nurse .must .be .aware .of .the .child's .developmental .stage .to .engage .in
.effective .communication. .The .use .of .both .verbal .and .nonverbal .communication
.should .be .appropriate .to .the .developmental .level. .Although .the .child's .physical
.condition .is .a .consideration, .developmental .level .is .much .more .important. .The
.parents' .presence .is .important .when .communicating .with .young .children .but
.may .be .detrimental .when .speaking .with .adolescents. .Nonverbal .behaviors .will
.vary .in .importance, .based .on .the .child's .developmental .level.
The .nurse .should .teach .parents .that .which .age .is .safe .to .give .infants .whole
.milk .instead .of .commercial .infant .formula? .
A) .6 .months
B) .9 .months
C) .12 .months
D) .18 .months .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-C) .12 .months
The .American .Academy .of .Pediatrics .does .not .recommend .the .use .of .cow's
.milk .for .children .younger .than .12 .months. .At .6 .and .9 .months, .the .infant .should
.be .receiving .commercial .infant .formula .or .breast .milk. .At .age .18 .months, .milk
.and .formula .are .supplemented .with .solid .foods, .water, .and .some .fruit .juices.
What .is .the .best .age .for .solid .food .to .be .introduced .into .the .infant's .diet?
A) .3 .months
B) .6 .months
C) .When .birth .weight .has .tripled
D) .after .their .1st .birthday .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-B) .6 .months
Physiologically .and .developmentally, .the .4- .to .6-month-old .infant .is .in .a
.transition .period. .The .extrusion .reflex .has .disappeared, .and .swallowing .is .a
.more .coordinated .process. .In .addition, .the .gastrointestinal .tract .has .matured
.sufficiently .to .handle .more .complex .nutrients .and .is .less .sensitive .to
.potentially .allergenic .food. .Infants .of .this .age .will .try .to .help .during .feeding; .2
.to .3 .months .is .too .young. .The .extrusion .reflex .is .strong, .and .the .child .will
.push .food .out .with .the .tongue. .No .research .indicates .that .the .addition .of .solid
.food .to .a .bottle .has .any .benefit. .Infant .birth .weight .doubles .at .1 .year. .Solid
.foods .can .be .started .earlier. .Tooth .eruption .can .facilitate .biting .and .chewing;
.most .infant .foods .do .not .require .this .ability.
Which .information .should .the .nurse .give .a .mother .regarding .the .introduction .of
.solid .foods .during .infancy?
A) .Solid .foods .should .not .be .introduced .until .8 .to .10 .months, .when .the
.extrusion .reflex .begins .to .disappear.
B) .Foods .should .be .introduced .one .at .a .time, .at .intervals .of .4 .to .7 .days.
C) .Solid .foods .can .be .mixed .in .a .bottle .to .make .the .transition .easier .for .the
.infant.
D) .Fruits .and .vegetables .should .be .introduced .into .the .diet .first. .- .CORRECT
.ANSWER-B) .Foods .should .be .introduced .one .at .a .time, .at .intervals .of .4-7 .days
SOLUTIONS, SCORED A+
A .nurse .on .a .pediatric .unit .is .practicing .family-centered .care. .Which .is .most
.descriptive .of .the .care .the .nurse .is .delivering?
A) .Taking .over .total .care .of .the .child .to .reduce .stress .on .the .family
B) .Encouraging .family .dependence .on .health .care .systems
C) .Recognizing .that .the .family .is .the .constant .in .a .child's .life
D) .Excluding .families .from .the .decision-making .process .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-
C) .Recognizing .that .the .family .is .the .constant .in .a .child's .life
The .three .key .components .of .family-centered .care .are .respect, .collaboration,
.and .support. .Family-centered .care .recognizes .the .family .as .the .constant .in .the
.child's .life. .Taking .over .total .care .does .not .include .the .family .in .the .process
.and .may .increase .stress .instead .of .reducing .stress. .The .family .should .be
.enabled .and .empowered .to .work .with .the .health .care .system. .The .family .is
.expected .to .be .part .of .the .decision-making .process.
The .nurse .is .preparing .an .in-service .education .to .staff .about .atraumatic .care
.for .pediatric .patients. .Which .intervention .should .the .nurse .include?
A) .Prepare .the .child .for .separation .from .parents .during .hospitalization .by
.reviewing .a .video.
B) .Prepare .the .child .before .any .unfamiliar .treatment .or .procedure .by
.demonstrating .on .a .stuffed .animal.
C) .Help .the .child .accept .the .loss .of .control .associated .with .hospitalization.
D) .Help .the .child .accept .pain .that .is .connected .with .a .treatment .or .procedure. .-
.CORRECT .ANSWER-B) .Prepare .the .child .before .any .unfamiliar .treatment .or
.procedure .by .demonstrating .on .a .stuffed .animal.
Preparing .the .child .for .any .unfamiliar .treatments, .controlling .pain, .allowing
.privacy, .providing .play .activities .for .expression .of .fear .and .aggression,
.providing .choices, .and .respecting .cultural .differences .are .components .of
.atraumatic .care. .In .the .provision .of .atraumatic .care, .the .separation .of .child
.from .parents .during .hospitalization .is .minimized. .The .nurse .should .promote .a
.sense .of .control .for .the .child. .Preventing .and .minimizing .bodily .injury .and .pain
.are .major .components .of .atraumatic .care.
Which .is .the .major .cause .of .death .for .children .older .than .1 .year?
A) .Cancer
B) .Heart .disease
C) .Unintentional .injuries
D) .Congenital .anomalies .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-C) .Unintentional .injuries
,Unintentional .injuries .(accidents) .are .the .leading .cause .of .death .after .age .1
.year .through .adolescence. .Congenital .anomalies .are .the .leading .cause .of
.death .in .those .younger .than .1 .year. .Cancer .ranks .either .second .or .fourth,
.depending .on .the .age .group, .and .heart .disease .ranks .fifth .in .the .majority .of
.the .age .groups.
Parents .of .a .firstborn .child .are .asking .whether .it .is .normal .for .their .child .to .be
.extremely .competitive. .The .nurse .should .respond .to .the .parents .that .studies
.about .the .ordinal .position .of .children .suggest .that .firstborn .children .tend .to:
A) .be .praised .less .often.
B) .be .more .achievement .oriented.
C) .be .more .popular .with .the .peer .group.
D) .identify .with .peer .group .more .than .parents. .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-B) .Be
.more .achievement .oriented
Firstborn .children, .like .only .children, .tend .to .be .more .achievement-oriented.
Being .praised .less .often, .being .more .popular .with .the .peer .group, .and
.identifying .with .peer .groups .more .than .parents .are .characteristics .of .later-born
.children.
An .infant .gains .head .control .before .sitting .unassisted. .The .nurse .recognizes
.that .this .is .which .type .of .development?
A) .Cephalocaudal
B) .Proximodistal
C) .Mass .to .specific
D) .Sequential .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-A) .Cephalocaudal
The .pattern .of .development .that .is .head-to-tail, .or .cephalocaudal, .direction .is
.described .by .an .infant's .ability .to .gain .head .control .before .sitting .unassisted.
.The .head .end .of .the .organism .develops .first .and .is .large .and .complex,
.whereas .the .lower .end .is .smaller .and .simpler, .and .development .takes .place .at
.a .later .time. .Proximodistal, .or .near .to .far, .is .another .pattern .of .development.
.Limb .buds .develop .before .fingers .and .toes. .Postnatally, .the .child .has .control
.of .the .shoulder .before .achieving .mastery .of .the .hands. .Mass .to .specific .is .not
.a .specific .pattern .of .development. .In .all .dimensions .of .growth, .a .definite,
.sequential .pattern .is .followed.
An .infant .who .weighs .7 .pounds .at .birth .would .be .expected .to .weigh .how .many
.pounds .at .age .1 .year?
A) .14
B) .16
C) .18
D) .21 .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-D) .21
In .general, .birth .weight .triples .by .the .end .of .the .first .year .of .life. .For .an .infant
.who .was .7 .pounds .at .birth, .21 .pounds .would .be .the .anticipated .weight .at .the
.first .birthday; .14, .16, .or .18 .pounds .is .below .what .would .be .expected .for .an
.infant .with .a .birth .weight .of .7 .pounds.
,The .nurse .observes .some .children .in .the .playroom. .Which .play .situation
.exhibits .the .characteristics .of .parallel .play?
A) .Kimberly .and .Amanda .sharing .clay .to .each .make .things
B) .Brian .playing .with .his .truck .next .to .Kristina .playing .with .her .truck
C) .Adam .playing .a .board .game .with .Kyle, .Steven, .and .Erich
D) .Danielle .playing .with .a .music .box .on .her .mother's .lap .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-
B) .Brian .playing .with .his .truck .next .to .Kristina .playing .with .her .truck
Playing .with .trucks .next .to .each .other .but .not .together .is .an .example .of
.parallel .play. .Both .children .are .engaged .in .similar .activities .in .proximity .to
.each .other; .however, .they .are .each .engaged .in .their .own .play. .Sharing .clay .to
.make .things .is .characteristic .of .associative .play. .Friends .playing .a .board .game
.together .is .characteristic .of .cooperative .play. .A .child .playing .with .something
.by .herself .on .her .mother's .lap .is .an .example .of .solitary .play.
At .what .age .should .the .nurse .expect .the .anterior .fontanel .to .close?
A) .2 .months
B) .2 .to .4 .months
C) .6 .to .8 .months
D) .12 .to .18 .months .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-D) .12-18 .months
The .anterior .fontanel .normally .closes .between .ages .12 .and .18 .months. .Two .to
.8 .months .is .too .early. .The .expected .closure .of .the .anterior .fontanel .occurs
.between .ages .12 .and .18 .months; .if .it .closes .between .ages .2 .and .8 .months, .the
.child .should .be .referred .for .further .evaluation
The .nurse .is .meeting .a .5-year-old .child .for .the .first .time .and .would .like .the
.child .to .cooperate .during .a .dressing .change. .The .nurse .decides .to .do .a .simple
.magic .trick .using .gauze. .This .should .be .interpreted .as:
A) .inappropriate, .because .of .child's .age.
B) .a .way .to .establish .rapport.
C) .too .distracting, .when .cooperation .is .important.
D) .acceptable, .if .there .is .adequate .time. .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-B) .A .way .to
.establish .rapport
A .magic .trick .or .other .simple .game .may .help .alleviate .anxiety .for .a .5-year-old.
.It .is .an .excellent .method .to .build .rapport .and .facilitate .cooperation .during .a
.procedure. .Magic .tricks .appeal .to .the .natural .curiosity .of .young .children. .The
.nurse .should .establish .rapport .with .the .child. .Failure .to .do .so .may .cause .the
.procedure .to .take .longer .and .be .more .traumatic.
What .is .the .single .most .important .factor .to .consider .when .communicating .with
.children?
A) .The .child's .physical .condition
B) .Presence .or .absence .of .the .child's .parent
C) .The .child's .developmental .level
D) .The .child's .nonverbal .behaviors .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-C) .The .child's
.developmental .level
, The .nurse .must .be .aware .of .the .child's .developmental .stage .to .engage .in
.effective .communication. .The .use .of .both .verbal .and .nonverbal .communication
.should .be .appropriate .to .the .developmental .level. .Although .the .child's .physical
.condition .is .a .consideration, .developmental .level .is .much .more .important. .The
.parents' .presence .is .important .when .communicating .with .young .children .but
.may .be .detrimental .when .speaking .with .adolescents. .Nonverbal .behaviors .will
.vary .in .importance, .based .on .the .child's .developmental .level.
The .nurse .should .teach .parents .that .which .age .is .safe .to .give .infants .whole
.milk .instead .of .commercial .infant .formula? .
A) .6 .months
B) .9 .months
C) .12 .months
D) .18 .months .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-C) .12 .months
The .American .Academy .of .Pediatrics .does .not .recommend .the .use .of .cow's
.milk .for .children .younger .than .12 .months. .At .6 .and .9 .months, .the .infant .should
.be .receiving .commercial .infant .formula .or .breast .milk. .At .age .18 .months, .milk
.and .formula .are .supplemented .with .solid .foods, .water, .and .some .fruit .juices.
What .is .the .best .age .for .solid .food .to .be .introduced .into .the .infant's .diet?
A) .3 .months
B) .6 .months
C) .When .birth .weight .has .tripled
D) .after .their .1st .birthday .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-B) .6 .months
Physiologically .and .developmentally, .the .4- .to .6-month-old .infant .is .in .a
.transition .period. .The .extrusion .reflex .has .disappeared, .and .swallowing .is .a
.more .coordinated .process. .In .addition, .the .gastrointestinal .tract .has .matured
.sufficiently .to .handle .more .complex .nutrients .and .is .less .sensitive .to
.potentially .allergenic .food. .Infants .of .this .age .will .try .to .help .during .feeding; .2
.to .3 .months .is .too .young. .The .extrusion .reflex .is .strong, .and .the .child .will
.push .food .out .with .the .tongue. .No .research .indicates .that .the .addition .of .solid
.food .to .a .bottle .has .any .benefit. .Infant .birth .weight .doubles .at .1 .year. .Solid
.foods .can .be .started .earlier. .Tooth .eruption .can .facilitate .biting .and .chewing;
.most .infant .foods .do .not .require .this .ability.
Which .information .should .the .nurse .give .a .mother .regarding .the .introduction .of
.solid .foods .during .infancy?
A) .Solid .foods .should .not .be .introduced .until .8 .to .10 .months, .when .the
.extrusion .reflex .begins .to .disappear.
B) .Foods .should .be .introduced .one .at .a .time, .at .intervals .of .4 .to .7 .days.
C) .Solid .foods .can .be .mixed .in .a .bottle .to .make .the .transition .easier .for .the
.infant.
D) .Fruits .and .vegetables .should .be .introduced .into .the .diet .first. .- .CORRECT
.ANSWER-B) .Foods .should .be .introduced .one .at .a .time, .at .intervals .of .4-7 .days
