CSD 716 Exam #1 Questions and answers.

CSD 716 - Exam #1 -blockage in the distal artery -cerebral embolism --> obstruction of a blood vessel in the brain by a foreign substance or a blood-clot formed somewhere else in the body - Embolism -Broca's / Wernicke's Aphasia -motor speech disorders (dysarthria) -contralateral hemiplegia (upper body) -sensory deficits - Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA) -circulation of CSF is blocked or can't be reabsorbed -causes intracranial pressure -water on the brain - Hydrocephalus -congenital (happens in the womb) -tangle dilated arteries and veins become connected in a local area -depending on location, may causes motor speech problems, language impairments, etc. - Arteriovenous Malformations -contralateral paralysis on lower limbs -prefrontal symptoms (cognitive impairments) - Anterior Cerebral Artery (ACA) -escape of blood into tissue of the brain (causes compression within the skull) -caused by waking of arterial walls = high BP - Hemorrhage -local buildup of fatty substances and blood platelets in cerebral vessel that is caused by atherosclerotic plaque -occurs more often in the larger arteries - Thrombosis (blockage) -most common type -hardened arterial walls - Atherosclerosis -NOT ON THE BRAIN -completely outside of the dura mater (epidural) -lower morbidity than other hematomas - if drained no effect on the brain -usually caused by tears in meningeal arteries - happens very quickly - Epidural Hematoma -NOT ON THE BRAIN -between the dura and arachnoid layers stuvia % STUVIA 2024/2025 -usually caused by shearing - Subdural Hematoma -ON THE BRAIN -bleeding between the arachnoid and Pia layers -can happen as result of TBI or spontaneously through a ruptured cerebral aneurysm -small bleeds may recover, larger bleeds require surgery - Subarachnoid Hemorrhage -refers to temporary interference to blood supply to the brain -can last few minutes to several hours -patient may be at a greater risk for larger stroke if TIAs have occurred - Transient Ischemic Attacks (TIA) -total blindness, with occlusion of basilar artery - Posterior Cerebral Artery (PCA) epithelium of ventricles and central canal of spinal cord; choroid plexus (makes CSF) - Ependymal Cells form MYELIN SHEATHS within the PNS - Schwann Cells forms MYELIN SHEATHS on axons within the CNS - Oligodendroglia nutrients to neurons, role in BBB, secretions or absorption of neurotransmitters - Astrocytes primary immune cells, phagocytosis of damaged tissue and resolution of inflammatory diseases