AQA A level geography - POPULATION + ENVIRONMENT
EXAM-REAL ACTUAL EXAM -LATEST UPDATE 2025 |
COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS| RATED 100% CORRECT | ALREADY GRADED A+ |
GUARANTEED PASS!!
4 key elements in physical environment - (answers)climate, soil fertility, geology, water
supply
impact of climate on population - (answers)- e.g rainfall, wind, sunlight all determine
food productivity and the type of farming, which species are selected for cultivation
- adequate rainfall and temp for rearing livestock and growing crops determines
population size
- climate may also influence disease incidence which can affect pop e.g malaria
impact of soil fertility on population - (answers)- e.g soil structure, texture, pH, organic
matter and nutrients
- fertility will influence the agricultural output
- e.g fertile soil areas often have high pop density as they have high agricultural
productivity so able to feed and sustain large populations
impact of water supply on population - (answers)- needed for human hydration,
irrigation of crops, hygiene and sanitation uses
- importance of water can be shown by Egypt pop. density with 95% of its population
living within 12 miles of the Nile river
impact of geology on population - (answers)- places with high concentration of fossil
fuels and other minerals give rise to industrialisation and consequently densely
populated areas
4 population parameters and their global patterns - (answers)density: avg no of people
per km2
- higher density in urban areas and cities, also potentially agricultural areas as many
people look for jobs there (esp. in LDEs)
distribution: pattern of where people live
- world has uneven distribution, 90% of earths pop live on 10% of land
numbers: total living in a fixed area
- influenced by disease incidence, food security, water supply, housing conditions,
resource availability etc
rate of change: how the pop has increased and decreased over time
- pop is never static, distribution, density and numbers always changing
,malnutrition - (answers)persons diet doesn't contain right amount of nutrients (too many
or too few)
Undernourishment (how many in 2023) - (answers)persons food intake is insufficient to
meet dietary energy requirements (males require more than females)
- 750+ million undernourished in 2023
food security - (answers)all people at all times have access to sufficient, safe, nutritious
food to maintain healthy and active life
agricultural productivity - (answers)The ratio of agricultural outputs to agricultural inputs
changing patterns of food production - (answers)increase in proportion of food for non-
domestic markets due to commercialisation of agriculture, advances in tech and
transport etc = globalisation + Green/gene revolution
much food in LICs still produced and consumed there
more demand for out of season products e.g UK import strawberries from Chile
(however people becoming more aware of food miles)
changing patterns of food consumption - (answers)richest nations consume most
calories per day (avg 2600-3800) but large parts of S. America, central Africa, consume
well under recommended calories per day = undernourished
increase of prices and inflation (recessions and cost of living) = less people getting out
of poverty as they cannot afford
main types of farming - (answers)commercial - produce and sell products = provides
livelihood
subsistence - products are consumed by farm workers
intensive - small scale, capital or labour intensive
extensive - large scale
what is TFP and how can it improve productivity - (answers)total factor productivity = the
ratio of outputs to inputs
high TFP = more outputs gained for effective input use
- imporved by more efficient harvest practices, technologies, selective breeding etc
2 physical factors affecting agricultural productivity - (answers)climate
zonal soils
polar climates - (answers)- cold long winters, avg temp below 0
- windy, little precip (occurs as snow), permanent ice caps
- food: simple vegetation and seafood
- few plants can survive due to undernourishment and harsh climate
- 3.1 million pop
- north arctic circle in northern hemisphere
, how do polar climates affect human activity and numbers - (answers)- limited human
activity, small no of people in area
- fishing and mineral exploitation rather than land based agriculture
- still manage to fish sustainably e.g Greenland hunt for caribou and seals in winter
- difficult to build infrastructure due to frozen grounds; population has adapted by
building houses on stilts
- low agriculture productivity
- global warming is causing some areas of permafrost to melt and temps rise meaning
more exposed arable land so potential for land based agriculture in future (at the risk of
damaging habitats and species currently living there)
tropical monsoon climate - (answers)- West and central Africa, SEA, S. America
- wet seasons in excess of 1000mm of precipitation per month
- dry seasons around 10-20 degrees
how do tropical monsoon climates affect human activity and numbers - (answers)- more
than 60% of world affected by tropical monsoon climates (mainly due to urbanisation)
- agriculture based around monsoon season; waterlogged fields helpful for rice as they
thrive
- flooding creates smooth floodplains = flat land = ideal
- people choose to live in these regions for farming opportunities and better food
security but this has resulted in overpopulation
- urbanisation --> overpopulation --> poor living conditions
- people need to adapt/prepare for prolonged dry seasons as crop can be damaged =
reduced yield = increased food insecurity
- flood and droughts due to climate change; 2014, monsoon caused 300 deaths in
Pakistan and India
- varying rainfall patterns and drier soil reduce agricultural productivity
- lower nutrition quality of produce
importances of soils - (answers)foundation to global food production, sustain 95% of
food production, host 1/4 of worlds biodiversity, pharmaceutical source and role in
carbon cycle
general soil characteristics - (answers)mixture of minerals, organic matter, liquid and
gas
layers of material = horizons
characterised by whether soil can support rooted plants
5 functions of soil - (answers)1. cycling nutrients, C,N,P
2. regulating water (irrigated and rainwater)
3. sustaining plant and animal life
4. filtering and buffering potential pollutants
5. physical stability and support
EXAM-REAL ACTUAL EXAM -LATEST UPDATE 2025 |
COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS| RATED 100% CORRECT | ALREADY GRADED A+ |
GUARANTEED PASS!!
4 key elements in physical environment - (answers)climate, soil fertility, geology, water
supply
impact of climate on population - (answers)- e.g rainfall, wind, sunlight all determine
food productivity and the type of farming, which species are selected for cultivation
- adequate rainfall and temp for rearing livestock and growing crops determines
population size
- climate may also influence disease incidence which can affect pop e.g malaria
impact of soil fertility on population - (answers)- e.g soil structure, texture, pH, organic
matter and nutrients
- fertility will influence the agricultural output
- e.g fertile soil areas often have high pop density as they have high agricultural
productivity so able to feed and sustain large populations
impact of water supply on population - (answers)- needed for human hydration,
irrigation of crops, hygiene and sanitation uses
- importance of water can be shown by Egypt pop. density with 95% of its population
living within 12 miles of the Nile river
impact of geology on population - (answers)- places with high concentration of fossil
fuels and other minerals give rise to industrialisation and consequently densely
populated areas
4 population parameters and their global patterns - (answers)density: avg no of people
per km2
- higher density in urban areas and cities, also potentially agricultural areas as many
people look for jobs there (esp. in LDEs)
distribution: pattern of where people live
- world has uneven distribution, 90% of earths pop live on 10% of land
numbers: total living in a fixed area
- influenced by disease incidence, food security, water supply, housing conditions,
resource availability etc
rate of change: how the pop has increased and decreased over time
- pop is never static, distribution, density and numbers always changing
,malnutrition - (answers)persons diet doesn't contain right amount of nutrients (too many
or too few)
Undernourishment (how many in 2023) - (answers)persons food intake is insufficient to
meet dietary energy requirements (males require more than females)
- 750+ million undernourished in 2023
food security - (answers)all people at all times have access to sufficient, safe, nutritious
food to maintain healthy and active life
agricultural productivity - (answers)The ratio of agricultural outputs to agricultural inputs
changing patterns of food production - (answers)increase in proportion of food for non-
domestic markets due to commercialisation of agriculture, advances in tech and
transport etc = globalisation + Green/gene revolution
much food in LICs still produced and consumed there
more demand for out of season products e.g UK import strawberries from Chile
(however people becoming more aware of food miles)
changing patterns of food consumption - (answers)richest nations consume most
calories per day (avg 2600-3800) but large parts of S. America, central Africa, consume
well under recommended calories per day = undernourished
increase of prices and inflation (recessions and cost of living) = less people getting out
of poverty as they cannot afford
main types of farming - (answers)commercial - produce and sell products = provides
livelihood
subsistence - products are consumed by farm workers
intensive - small scale, capital or labour intensive
extensive - large scale
what is TFP and how can it improve productivity - (answers)total factor productivity = the
ratio of outputs to inputs
high TFP = more outputs gained for effective input use
- imporved by more efficient harvest practices, technologies, selective breeding etc
2 physical factors affecting agricultural productivity - (answers)climate
zonal soils
polar climates - (answers)- cold long winters, avg temp below 0
- windy, little precip (occurs as snow), permanent ice caps
- food: simple vegetation and seafood
- few plants can survive due to undernourishment and harsh climate
- 3.1 million pop
- north arctic circle in northern hemisphere
, how do polar climates affect human activity and numbers - (answers)- limited human
activity, small no of people in area
- fishing and mineral exploitation rather than land based agriculture
- still manage to fish sustainably e.g Greenland hunt for caribou and seals in winter
- difficult to build infrastructure due to frozen grounds; population has adapted by
building houses on stilts
- low agriculture productivity
- global warming is causing some areas of permafrost to melt and temps rise meaning
more exposed arable land so potential for land based agriculture in future (at the risk of
damaging habitats and species currently living there)
tropical monsoon climate - (answers)- West and central Africa, SEA, S. America
- wet seasons in excess of 1000mm of precipitation per month
- dry seasons around 10-20 degrees
how do tropical monsoon climates affect human activity and numbers - (answers)- more
than 60% of world affected by tropical monsoon climates (mainly due to urbanisation)
- agriculture based around monsoon season; waterlogged fields helpful for rice as they
thrive
- flooding creates smooth floodplains = flat land = ideal
- people choose to live in these regions for farming opportunities and better food
security but this has resulted in overpopulation
- urbanisation --> overpopulation --> poor living conditions
- people need to adapt/prepare for prolonged dry seasons as crop can be damaged =
reduced yield = increased food insecurity
- flood and droughts due to climate change; 2014, monsoon caused 300 deaths in
Pakistan and India
- varying rainfall patterns and drier soil reduce agricultural productivity
- lower nutrition quality of produce
importances of soils - (answers)foundation to global food production, sustain 95% of
food production, host 1/4 of worlds biodiversity, pharmaceutical source and role in
carbon cycle
general soil characteristics - (answers)mixture of minerals, organic matter, liquid and
gas
layers of material = horizons
characterised by whether soil can support rooted plants
5 functions of soil - (answers)1. cycling nutrients, C,N,P
2. regulating water (irrigated and rainwater)
3. sustaining plant and animal life
4. filtering and buffering potential pollutants
5. physical stability and support
