V
A&P 2 LECTURE EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE WITH
ALL CORRECT & VERIFIED ANSWERS
(UPDATED TO PASS)
A&P EXAM 1
STUVIA2024 5/24/25 A&P EXAM 1
, What are the functions of hormones? Correct answer-To regulate body functions and chemical
reactions occurring in the body.
What are up-regulation and down-regulation, and what causes them? Correct answer-Down- a
process, which occurs when there is a decrease in cells specific metabolic components in response to
specific stimuli.
Up- A process, which occurs when there is an increase in a cells specific metabolic components in
response to a specific stimuli.
What family of lipid-soluble hormones is derived from cholesterol? Correct answer-Steroid
Hormones
With respect to solubility, which class of hormones requires second messengers? Correct answer-
Water-Soluble hormones
What do "synergistic effect" and "antagonistic effect" mean with respect to hormones? Correct
answer-Synergistic Effect- When the effect of two hormones acting together is greater and more
extensive than the effect of each hormone acting alone.
Antagonist Effect- When one hormone opposes the action of another hormone.
What controls hormone release from the anterior pituitary gland? Correct answer-Hypothalamus
Which hormone stimulates milk production? Correct answer-Prolactin
What effect does luteinizing hormone have on the gonads? Correct answer-In females-stimulates
the secretion of estrogens and progesterone and the maturation of oocytes in the ovaries. In males-
stimulate sperm production and secretion of testosterone in the testes.
Gonads Correct answer-An organ that produces gametes, testes or ovaries.
How is the amount of ADH secreted related to blood osmotic pressure? Correct answer-Acts to
retain body water and increase blood pressure.
Which hormone opposes the action of parathyroid hormone? What ion is regulated? Correct
answer--Calcitonin Ca2+ (Calcium)
-Calcium, magnesium, phosphate
How are insulin and glucagon related to the regulation of glucose and where are they produced?
Correct answer-Glucagon- Increases blood glucose when it falls below normal.
Insulin- Lowers blood glucose level when it is too high.
What is the effect of thyroid hormone on metabolic rate? Correct answer-Thyroid hormones
increase basal metabolic rate (BMR) by stimulating the use of cellular oxygen to produce ATP. When
the BMR increases, cellular metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, and protein increases.
Which hormones play key regulatory roles in the body's long-term response to stress? Correct
answer-cortisol, hGH,Thyroid hormone.
How are serotonin and melatonin related? Correct answer-The pineal gland secretes melatonin, an
immune hormone derived from serotonin. Responsible for regulating mood and health.
A&P 2 LECTURE EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE WITH
ALL CORRECT & VERIFIED ANSWERS
(UPDATED TO PASS)
A&P EXAM 1
STUVIA2024 5/24/25 A&P EXAM 1
, What are the functions of hormones? Correct answer-To regulate body functions and chemical
reactions occurring in the body.
What are up-regulation and down-regulation, and what causes them? Correct answer-Down- a
process, which occurs when there is a decrease in cells specific metabolic components in response to
specific stimuli.
Up- A process, which occurs when there is an increase in a cells specific metabolic components in
response to a specific stimuli.
What family of lipid-soluble hormones is derived from cholesterol? Correct answer-Steroid
Hormones
With respect to solubility, which class of hormones requires second messengers? Correct answer-
Water-Soluble hormones
What do "synergistic effect" and "antagonistic effect" mean with respect to hormones? Correct
answer-Synergistic Effect- When the effect of two hormones acting together is greater and more
extensive than the effect of each hormone acting alone.
Antagonist Effect- When one hormone opposes the action of another hormone.
What controls hormone release from the anterior pituitary gland? Correct answer-Hypothalamus
Which hormone stimulates milk production? Correct answer-Prolactin
What effect does luteinizing hormone have on the gonads? Correct answer-In females-stimulates
the secretion of estrogens and progesterone and the maturation of oocytes in the ovaries. In males-
stimulate sperm production and secretion of testosterone in the testes.
Gonads Correct answer-An organ that produces gametes, testes or ovaries.
How is the amount of ADH secreted related to blood osmotic pressure? Correct answer-Acts to
retain body water and increase blood pressure.
Which hormone opposes the action of parathyroid hormone? What ion is regulated? Correct
answer--Calcitonin Ca2+ (Calcium)
-Calcium, magnesium, phosphate
How are insulin and glucagon related to the regulation of glucose and where are they produced?
Correct answer-Glucagon- Increases blood glucose when it falls below normal.
Insulin- Lowers blood glucose level when it is too high.
What is the effect of thyroid hormone on metabolic rate? Correct answer-Thyroid hormones
increase basal metabolic rate (BMR) by stimulating the use of cellular oxygen to produce ATP. When
the BMR increases, cellular metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, and protein increases.
Which hormones play key regulatory roles in the body's long-term response to stress? Correct
answer-cortisol, hGH,Thyroid hormone.
How are serotonin and melatonin related? Correct answer-The pineal gland secretes melatonin, an
immune hormone derived from serotonin. Responsible for regulating mood and health.
