MSW 550 - EXAM 2 | ACTUAL EXAM
QUESTIONS | WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
SCORED A+/GRADE A+ ASSURED
Nominal level of measurement - ANSWER✔✔--A level of measurement that describes
variables (such as gender or ethnicity) whose different attributes are categorical only,
and can be described in terms of how many cases are in each category of the variable,
but not degree of the variable.
-Variables are defined in terms of qualitative attributes that are categorical only.
Ordinal level of measurement - ANSWER✔✔--A level of measurement describing
variables whose attributes may be rank-ordered according to degree.
-An example would be socioeconomic status as composed of the attributes high,
medium, and low.
Ratio level of measurement - ANSWER✔✔-A measurement of a variable in which the
numbers indicating a variable's values represent fixed measuring units and an absolute
zero point
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA GREENWAYS, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,Interval level of measurement - ANSWER✔✔--A level of measurement that describes
variables (calendar, SAT score) whose attributes are rank-ordered and have equal
distances between adjacent attributes, but which do not have a true zero point
-Differences between different levels have the same meanings
Systematic error - ANSWER✔✔-Occurs when the information we collect consistently
reflects a false picture of the concept we seek to measure, because of either the way we
collect the data or the dynamics of those who are providing the data. Sometimes our
measures really don't measure what we think they do.
acquiescent response set - ANSWER✔✔-a response bias where a participant tends to
agree with most, if not all, of the items on a scale, regardless of what they are asking
social desirability bias - ANSWER✔✔-The tendency of people to say or do things that
will make them or their reference group look good
Random errors - ANSWER✔✔--occur because of random and inherently unpredictable
events in the measurement process
-no pattern in errors or bias
Reliability - ANSWER✔✔-the degree of consistency in measurement (but does not
guarantee accuracy)
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA GREENWAYS, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
, Interrater - ANSWER✔✔-The degree of agreement or consistency between or among
observers or raters
Test-retest - ANSWER✔✔-A method for assessing a measure's consistency or stability
Internal consistency - ANSWER✔✔-The degree to which scores among scale items, or
scores among subsets of items, correlate with each other.
Validity - ANSWER✔✔-Actually measuring exactly what you intend to measure
face validity - ANSWER✔✔-Merely a subjective assessment of validity made by the
researcher, or perhaps by other experts. Having face validity does not mean that a
measure really measures what the researcher intends to measure, only that in the
judgment of one or more people it appears to do so.
content validity - ANSWER✔✔--The degree to which a measure seems to cover the
entire range of meanings within a concept
-Includes elements of face validity
Criterion-related validity - ANSWER✔✔-Based on some external criterion. When we
assess the criterion-related validity of an instrument, we select an external criterion that
we believe is another indicator or measure of the same variable that our instrument
intends to measure.
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA GREENWAYS, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
QUESTIONS | WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
SCORED A+/GRADE A+ ASSURED
Nominal level of measurement - ANSWER✔✔--A level of measurement that describes
variables (such as gender or ethnicity) whose different attributes are categorical only,
and can be described in terms of how many cases are in each category of the variable,
but not degree of the variable.
-Variables are defined in terms of qualitative attributes that are categorical only.
Ordinal level of measurement - ANSWER✔✔--A level of measurement describing
variables whose attributes may be rank-ordered according to degree.
-An example would be socioeconomic status as composed of the attributes high,
medium, and low.
Ratio level of measurement - ANSWER✔✔-A measurement of a variable in which the
numbers indicating a variable's values represent fixed measuring units and an absolute
zero point
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA GREENWAYS, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,Interval level of measurement - ANSWER✔✔--A level of measurement that describes
variables (calendar, SAT score) whose attributes are rank-ordered and have equal
distances between adjacent attributes, but which do not have a true zero point
-Differences between different levels have the same meanings
Systematic error - ANSWER✔✔-Occurs when the information we collect consistently
reflects a false picture of the concept we seek to measure, because of either the way we
collect the data or the dynamics of those who are providing the data. Sometimes our
measures really don't measure what we think they do.
acquiescent response set - ANSWER✔✔-a response bias where a participant tends to
agree with most, if not all, of the items on a scale, regardless of what they are asking
social desirability bias - ANSWER✔✔-The tendency of people to say or do things that
will make them or their reference group look good
Random errors - ANSWER✔✔--occur because of random and inherently unpredictable
events in the measurement process
-no pattern in errors or bias
Reliability - ANSWER✔✔-the degree of consistency in measurement (but does not
guarantee accuracy)
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA GREENWAYS, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
, Interrater - ANSWER✔✔-The degree of agreement or consistency between or among
observers or raters
Test-retest - ANSWER✔✔-A method for assessing a measure's consistency or stability
Internal consistency - ANSWER✔✔-The degree to which scores among scale items, or
scores among subsets of items, correlate with each other.
Validity - ANSWER✔✔-Actually measuring exactly what you intend to measure
face validity - ANSWER✔✔-Merely a subjective assessment of validity made by the
researcher, or perhaps by other experts. Having face validity does not mean that a
measure really measures what the researcher intends to measure, only that in the
judgment of one or more people it appears to do so.
content validity - ANSWER✔✔--The degree to which a measure seems to cover the
entire range of meanings within a concept
-Includes elements of face validity
Criterion-related validity - ANSWER✔✔-Based on some external criterion. When we
assess the criterion-related validity of an instrument, we select an external criterion that
we believe is another indicator or measure of the same variable that our instrument
intends to measure.
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA GREENWAYS, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
