PHI-
103 - Exam 2 Study Guide
This Study Guide provides a general list of topics for you to review and study in preparation for Exam 2. Please
note that (1) not every topic given below necessarily appears on your particular version of the exam; (2) some
topics, ideas, and terms below may vary somewhat from those utilized on the exam; (3) topics may originate from
instructor-provided Class Notes, Topic Overviews, course textbook chapters, and if designated, additional materials
or resources (e.g., assigned articles, videos, or other media); and (4) you are expected to begin and expand your
study of topics using this Guide rather than assuming sufficient understanding simply by reviewing this Guide (it’s
not an answer key). Using the list of topics below, review first the Class Notes, then Topic Overviews, then
textbook chapters and supplemental materials.
Be sure to utilize the Guide for its intended purpose—to help you focus on the noted subject-matter areas for
study and reflection. Using 3 x 5 cards, Quizlet, and self-quizzing, and working with a “study buddy” are some best
practices for doing well on the test.
* = Mainly or solely based on classroom presentations and instructor-provided Class Notes
List of topics to study/know for Exam 2: Topics 3-5
1. *Describe religion, including the three main elements of religion
2. *Define philosophy of religion
3. Know Anselm’s 2nd Ontological Argument and Plantinga’s Modal Ontological Argument
4. Identify Aquinas’ “Five Ways” (or “Proofs”) for God’s existence
5. Know Aquinas’s Cosmological Argument and Craig’s Kalam Cosmological Argument,
including support for and challenges to these
6. Explain Paley’s Teleological (Design and Analogy) Argument and support for and
challenges to it
7. Know the Fine-Tuning Argument and support for and challenges to it
8. *Describe the Properly Basic Beliefs Argument
9. *Know the basic Moral Arguments for the Existence of God: ontological and theological
(deductive and inductive)
10. *Identify key attributes of God (esp. Omni attributes), as well as those based on Kalam
Cosmological Argument
11. *Explain the Creator & Culture: Providence and Polemical Argument (see Apostle Paul’s
Apologetic Approach in Acts 17 and five relevant aspects)
12. *Explain the Existential/Practical Argument related to “What difference does it makes if
God exists?”
13. *Understand the concepts of and distinctions between Sempiternalism, Atemporality,
and Omnitemporality
14. *Understand the problem of Divine Emotion and the three distinct proposed solutions
15. Know the Logical, Evidential, and Existential/Religious Problem of Evil, including atheistic
premises and conclusion, as well as theistic/Christian responses
Page 1 of 2
103 - Exam 2 Study Guide
This Study Guide provides a general list of topics for you to review and study in preparation for Exam 2. Please
note that (1) not every topic given below necessarily appears on your particular version of the exam; (2) some
topics, ideas, and terms below may vary somewhat from those utilized on the exam; (3) topics may originate from
instructor-provided Class Notes, Topic Overviews, course textbook chapters, and if designated, additional materials
or resources (e.g., assigned articles, videos, or other media); and (4) you are expected to begin and expand your
study of topics using this Guide rather than assuming sufficient understanding simply by reviewing this Guide (it’s
not an answer key). Using the list of topics below, review first the Class Notes, then Topic Overviews, then
textbook chapters and supplemental materials.
Be sure to utilize the Guide for its intended purpose—to help you focus on the noted subject-matter areas for
study and reflection. Using 3 x 5 cards, Quizlet, and self-quizzing, and working with a “study buddy” are some best
practices for doing well on the test.
* = Mainly or solely based on classroom presentations and instructor-provided Class Notes
List of topics to study/know for Exam 2: Topics 3-5
1. *Describe religion, including the three main elements of religion
2. *Define philosophy of religion
3. Know Anselm’s 2nd Ontological Argument and Plantinga’s Modal Ontological Argument
4. Identify Aquinas’ “Five Ways” (or “Proofs”) for God’s existence
5. Know Aquinas’s Cosmological Argument and Craig’s Kalam Cosmological Argument,
including support for and challenges to these
6. Explain Paley’s Teleological (Design and Analogy) Argument and support for and
challenges to it
7. Know the Fine-Tuning Argument and support for and challenges to it
8. *Describe the Properly Basic Beliefs Argument
9. *Know the basic Moral Arguments for the Existence of God: ontological and theological
(deductive and inductive)
10. *Identify key attributes of God (esp. Omni attributes), as well as those based on Kalam
Cosmological Argument
11. *Explain the Creator & Culture: Providence and Polemical Argument (see Apostle Paul’s
Apologetic Approach in Acts 17 and five relevant aspects)
12. *Explain the Existential/Practical Argument related to “What difference does it makes if
God exists?”
13. *Understand the concepts of and distinctions between Sempiternalism, Atemporality,
and Omnitemporality
14. *Understand the problem of Divine Emotion and the three distinct proposed solutions
15. Know the Logical, Evidential, and Existential/Religious Problem of Evil, including atheistic
premises and conclusion, as well as theistic/Christian responses
Page 1 of 2
