EMS Protocols Exam 2025 Questions and
Answers
Spinal immobilization - ANS C-Collar, backboard (or comparable device), "X" strap with a
minimum of 5 anchor points on each side of the patient.
Prior to any medication administration, an ____________________ - ANS EKG strip of not
less than 10 seconds shall be run.
Emt -B who have completed the paramedic class are assumed to have proficiency with
advanced skills until? - ANS They fail the medic test 3 times.
B I A D - ANS Blind Insertion airway device (Combitube)
Neonate Vent rate : Toddler Vent Rate - ANS 30: 25 rpm
School age: Adolescent BVM rate - ANS 20: 12 rpm
BIAD contraindications - ANS Pediatric patients >4'6' and >16 y/o
Behavioral (S/S) - ANS Anxiety, agitation, confusion, affect change, hallucinations, Delusional
thoughts, bizarre behavior, combative, violent, expression of suicide, homicidal thoughts.
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,Agitated Delirum - ANS marked restlessness, irritability, and or high fever. ***High risk for
sudden lethargy and sudden death**** Often found in police custody. Hx of mental illness +
recent drug use.
Medication's for pain control - ANS Morphine (2-4mg), or Fentanyl (50-75mcg) and Zofran
4mg
Allergic reaction S/S - ANS Itching, hives, coughing, wheezing (resp distress), chest / throat
constriction, difficulty swallowing, hypotension / shock, edema.
Allergic reaction treatment - ANS (Rash only : 25-50mb Diphenhydramine IV/IM) (Rash +
respiratory symptoms = Epi 1:1000 - 0.3mgSC/IM (1/2 dose for >40 cardiac, cva, dm hx) +
Albuterol2.5mg Neb
Altered Mental Status S/S - ANS lethargy, decreased mental status, change in baseline
mental status, Bizarre behavior, hypoglycemia (cool, diaphoretic skin), Hyperglycemia (Warm
dry skin, fruity breath, kussmal resp, signs of dehydration, Irritability)
Altered Mental Status: (treatment) based on cause - ANS • Hyperglycemia (>250sugar =
1000cc fluid bolus)
• Hypoglycemia (oral glucose)
o Adult (D50..25mg, glucagon2mg IM)
o Pedi (D25 2cc/kg >1yr...glucagon .1mg/kg)
o Infant (D10 5cc/kg <1yr)
* Narcan (0.5-2mg IVP Adult)( 0.1mg/kg pedi)
Altered Mental Status: Causes - ANS Consider: Trauma, overdose / toxic ingestion, stroke,
Sepsis, Hypoxemia, Hypothermia
Asystole : Treatment. - ANS CPR
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, IV Access
EPI...1mg 1:10,000 IV/IO q 3min
Consider Sodium Bicarb 1meq/kg IV
Consider D50
Consider Narcan
Bradycardia: S/S - ANS HR < 60, with hypotension, acute altered mental status, chest pain,
acute CHF, seizures, syncope, shock, secondary to bradycardia.
Bradycardia + 2nd / 3rd degree heart block (Treatment) - ANS 12 lead: 2nd / 3rd degree
heart block ( Pacing, atropine 0.5-1mg IVP max dose 3mg.
Bradycardia (no heart blocks) - ANS Atropine 0.5 - 1 mg IVP, max dose 3mg
Transcutaneous pacing.
Bradycardia + wide complex - ANS Wide complex bradycardia: consider hyperkalemia.
(hyperkalemia = sodium bicarb 1meq/kg
Obvious death criteria - ANS Dependent lividity, Rigor Mortis, Decapitation, Decomposition,
Incineration, removal of a vital bodily organ (includes blood).
STEMI - ANS 1mm ST segment elevation in 2 contiguous leads.
Chest pain (Cardiac) treatment - ANS EKG, 12 lead, ASA (324 mg), Nitro (0.4mg SL q 5), Pain =
Morphine (2-4 mg), Nausea / vomiting = Zofran 4mg.
Hypertension: S/S - ANS 1 of: (systolic > 200, diastolic >110) and 1 of: (headache, nosebleed,
blurred vision, dizziness)
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Answers
Spinal immobilization - ANS C-Collar, backboard (or comparable device), "X" strap with a
minimum of 5 anchor points on each side of the patient.
Prior to any medication administration, an ____________________ - ANS EKG strip of not
less than 10 seconds shall be run.
Emt -B who have completed the paramedic class are assumed to have proficiency with
advanced skills until? - ANS They fail the medic test 3 times.
B I A D - ANS Blind Insertion airway device (Combitube)
Neonate Vent rate : Toddler Vent Rate - ANS 30: 25 rpm
School age: Adolescent BVM rate - ANS 20: 12 rpm
BIAD contraindications - ANS Pediatric patients >4'6' and >16 y/o
Behavioral (S/S) - ANS Anxiety, agitation, confusion, affect change, hallucinations, Delusional
thoughts, bizarre behavior, combative, violent, expression of suicide, homicidal thoughts.
Pg. 1 Copyright © 2025 Jasonmcconell. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
,Agitated Delirum - ANS marked restlessness, irritability, and or high fever. ***High risk for
sudden lethargy and sudden death**** Often found in police custody. Hx of mental illness +
recent drug use.
Medication's for pain control - ANS Morphine (2-4mg), or Fentanyl (50-75mcg) and Zofran
4mg
Allergic reaction S/S - ANS Itching, hives, coughing, wheezing (resp distress), chest / throat
constriction, difficulty swallowing, hypotension / shock, edema.
Allergic reaction treatment - ANS (Rash only : 25-50mb Diphenhydramine IV/IM) (Rash +
respiratory symptoms = Epi 1:1000 - 0.3mgSC/IM (1/2 dose for >40 cardiac, cva, dm hx) +
Albuterol2.5mg Neb
Altered Mental Status S/S - ANS lethargy, decreased mental status, change in baseline
mental status, Bizarre behavior, hypoglycemia (cool, diaphoretic skin), Hyperglycemia (Warm
dry skin, fruity breath, kussmal resp, signs of dehydration, Irritability)
Altered Mental Status: (treatment) based on cause - ANS • Hyperglycemia (>250sugar =
1000cc fluid bolus)
• Hypoglycemia (oral glucose)
o Adult (D50..25mg, glucagon2mg IM)
o Pedi (D25 2cc/kg >1yr...glucagon .1mg/kg)
o Infant (D10 5cc/kg <1yr)
* Narcan (0.5-2mg IVP Adult)( 0.1mg/kg pedi)
Altered Mental Status: Causes - ANS Consider: Trauma, overdose / toxic ingestion, stroke,
Sepsis, Hypoxemia, Hypothermia
Asystole : Treatment. - ANS CPR
Pg. 2 Copyright © 2025 Jasonmcconell. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
, IV Access
EPI...1mg 1:10,000 IV/IO q 3min
Consider Sodium Bicarb 1meq/kg IV
Consider D50
Consider Narcan
Bradycardia: S/S - ANS HR < 60, with hypotension, acute altered mental status, chest pain,
acute CHF, seizures, syncope, shock, secondary to bradycardia.
Bradycardia + 2nd / 3rd degree heart block (Treatment) - ANS 12 lead: 2nd / 3rd degree
heart block ( Pacing, atropine 0.5-1mg IVP max dose 3mg.
Bradycardia (no heart blocks) - ANS Atropine 0.5 - 1 mg IVP, max dose 3mg
Transcutaneous pacing.
Bradycardia + wide complex - ANS Wide complex bradycardia: consider hyperkalemia.
(hyperkalemia = sodium bicarb 1meq/kg
Obvious death criteria - ANS Dependent lividity, Rigor Mortis, Decapitation, Decomposition,
Incineration, removal of a vital bodily organ (includes blood).
STEMI - ANS 1mm ST segment elevation in 2 contiguous leads.
Chest pain (Cardiac) treatment - ANS EKG, 12 lead, ASA (324 mg), Nitro (0.4mg SL q 5), Pain =
Morphine (2-4 mg), Nausea / vomiting = Zofran 4mg.
Hypertension: S/S - ANS 1 of: (systolic > 200, diastolic >110) and 1 of: (headache, nosebleed,
blurred vision, dizziness)
Pg. 3 Copyright © 2025 Jasonmcconell. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
