1. Which lab value is the best indicator of long-term nutritional status?
A. Hematocrit
B. Albumin
C. Prealbumin
D. Hemoglobin
Answer: B. Albumin
Rationale: Albumin reflects long-term protein status. Prealbumin is
more sensitive to short-term changes.
2. A vegetarian is at risk for deficiency in which nutrient?
A. Fiber
B. Vitamin B12
C. Vitamin C
D. Magnesium
Answer: B. Vitamin B12
Rationale: Vitamin B12 is found in animal products. Vegetarians and
vegans may require supplementation.
3. A nurse is reinforcing teaching to a client with a new colostomy.
Which food should the nurse recommend to decrease odor?
A. Broccoli
B. Garlic
C. Buttermilk
D. Fish
Answer: C. Buttermilk
Rationale: Buttermilk, yogurt, and parsley can help reduce colostomy
odor. Cruciferous vegetables and fish increase it.
4. Which of the following is a sign of vitamin C deficiency?
A. Night blindness
B. Delayed wound healing
,C. Rickets
D. Neural tube defects
Answer: B. Delayed wound healing
Rationale: Vitamin C is essential for collagen synthesis and wound
healing. Night blindness is related to vitamin A, rickets to vitamin D,
and neural tube defects to folate.
5. Which finding suggests dehydration?
A. Moist mucous membranes
B. Bounding pulse
C. Decreased skin turgor
D. Weight gain
Answer: C. Decreased skin turgor
Rationale: Poor skin turgor is a classic sign of dehydration, especially
in older adults.
6. A nurse is caring for a client with a pressure injury. Which nutrient
promotes wound healing?
A. Sodium
B. Vitamin E
C. Protein
D. Potassium
Answer: C. Protein
Rationale: Protein supports tissue repair and wound healing. Vitamin C
and zinc are also important but protein is essential.
7. A nurse is teaching a client with celiac disease. Which of the
following grains should be avoided?
A. Corn
B. Rice
C. Barley
D. Quinoa
Answer: C. Barley
, Rationale: Barley contains gluten and should be avoided in celiac
disease. Corn, rice, and quinoa are gluten-free.
8. A nurse is teaching a client about the DASH diet. Which of the
following is emphasized?
A. Low sodium and high potassium
B. High fat and low carb
C. Increased protein
D. Gluten avoidance
Answer: A. Low sodium and high potassium
Rationale: The DASH diet lowers blood pressure by reducing sodium
and increasing potassium, calcium, and magnesium.
9. Which is an appropriate snack for a client with diabetes mellitus?
A. Doughnut
B. Apple with peanut butter
C. Candy bar
D. White bread and jam
Answer: B. Apple with peanut butter
Rationale: This snack includes fiber and protein, helping stabilize blood
glucose levels.
10. A nurse is reviewing the lab values of a client who has iron
deficiency anemia. Which of the following findings should the nurse
expect?
A. Increased hematocrit
B. Decreased ferritin
C. Elevated transferrin saturation
D. Increased hemoglobin
Answer: B. Decreased ferritin
Rationale: Ferritin reflects iron stores, and it is typically decreased in
iron deficiency anemia. Hemoglobin and hematocrit may also be low;
transferrin saturation is usually decreased, not elevated.
A. Hematocrit
B. Albumin
C. Prealbumin
D. Hemoglobin
Answer: B. Albumin
Rationale: Albumin reflects long-term protein status. Prealbumin is
more sensitive to short-term changes.
2. A vegetarian is at risk for deficiency in which nutrient?
A. Fiber
B. Vitamin B12
C. Vitamin C
D. Magnesium
Answer: B. Vitamin B12
Rationale: Vitamin B12 is found in animal products. Vegetarians and
vegans may require supplementation.
3. A nurse is reinforcing teaching to a client with a new colostomy.
Which food should the nurse recommend to decrease odor?
A. Broccoli
B. Garlic
C. Buttermilk
D. Fish
Answer: C. Buttermilk
Rationale: Buttermilk, yogurt, and parsley can help reduce colostomy
odor. Cruciferous vegetables and fish increase it.
4. Which of the following is a sign of vitamin C deficiency?
A. Night blindness
B. Delayed wound healing
,C. Rickets
D. Neural tube defects
Answer: B. Delayed wound healing
Rationale: Vitamin C is essential for collagen synthesis and wound
healing. Night blindness is related to vitamin A, rickets to vitamin D,
and neural tube defects to folate.
5. Which finding suggests dehydration?
A. Moist mucous membranes
B. Bounding pulse
C. Decreased skin turgor
D. Weight gain
Answer: C. Decreased skin turgor
Rationale: Poor skin turgor is a classic sign of dehydration, especially
in older adults.
6. A nurse is caring for a client with a pressure injury. Which nutrient
promotes wound healing?
A. Sodium
B. Vitamin E
C. Protein
D. Potassium
Answer: C. Protein
Rationale: Protein supports tissue repair and wound healing. Vitamin C
and zinc are also important but protein is essential.
7. A nurse is teaching a client with celiac disease. Which of the
following grains should be avoided?
A. Corn
B. Rice
C. Barley
D. Quinoa
Answer: C. Barley
, Rationale: Barley contains gluten and should be avoided in celiac
disease. Corn, rice, and quinoa are gluten-free.
8. A nurse is teaching a client about the DASH diet. Which of the
following is emphasized?
A. Low sodium and high potassium
B. High fat and low carb
C. Increased protein
D. Gluten avoidance
Answer: A. Low sodium and high potassium
Rationale: The DASH diet lowers blood pressure by reducing sodium
and increasing potassium, calcium, and magnesium.
9. Which is an appropriate snack for a client with diabetes mellitus?
A. Doughnut
B. Apple with peanut butter
C. Candy bar
D. White bread and jam
Answer: B. Apple with peanut butter
Rationale: This snack includes fiber and protein, helping stabilize blood
glucose levels.
10. A nurse is reviewing the lab values of a client who has iron
deficiency anemia. Which of the following findings should the nurse
expect?
A. Increased hematocrit
B. Decreased ferritin
C. Elevated transferrin saturation
D. Increased hemoglobin
Answer: B. Decreased ferritin
Rationale: Ferritin reflects iron stores, and it is typically decreased in
iron deficiency anemia. Hemoglobin and hematocrit may also be low;
transferrin saturation is usually decreased, not elevated.
