1. Which food is highest in potassium?
A. Apple
B. Orange juice
C. White bread
D. Chicken breast
Answer: B. Orange juice
Rationale: Orange juice is rich in potassium. Other high-potassium
foods include bananas, potatoes, and spinach.
2. A nurse is reinforcing teaching to a client with a new colostomy.
Which food should the nurse recommend to decrease odor?
A. Broccoli
B. Garlic
C. Buttermilk
D. Fish
Answer: C. Buttermilk
Rationale: Buttermilk, yogurt, and parsley can help reduce colostomy
odor. Cruciferous vegetables and fish increase it.
3. Which of the following is an appropriate source of vitamin D?
A. Olive oil
B. Fortified milk
C. Egg whites
D. Spinach
Answer: B. Fortified milk
Rationale: Fortified dairy products are primary sources of vitamin D,
essential for calcium absorption.
4. Which client statement indicates understanding of the gluten-free
diet for celiac disease?
A. “I can eat whole-wheat bread.”
,B. “I’ll avoid rye crackers.”
C. “I should avoid rice.”
D. “I can eat barley soup.”
Answer: B. “I’ll avoid rye crackers.”
Rationale: Gluten is found in wheat, rye, and barley. Rice is gluten-free
and allowed.
5. Which finding suggests dehydration?
A. Moist mucous membranes
B. Bounding pulse
C. Decreased skin turgor
D. Weight gain
Answer: C. Decreased skin turgor
Rationale: Poor skin turgor is a classic sign of dehydration, especially
in older adults.
6. A nurse is assessing a client with signs of hypocalcemia. Which of
the following findings should the nurse expect?
A. Positive Chvostek’s sign
B. Bradycardia
C. Hypoactive reflexes
D. Constipation
Answer: A. Positive Chvostek’s sign
Rationale: A positive Chvostek’s sign (facial twitching when the cheek
is tapped) indicates neuromuscular excitability from low calcium.
7. A nurse is reinforcing teaching about the Mediterranean diet. Which
of the following foods should be emphasized?
A. Red meats
B. Butter
C. Olive oil
D. Cream sauces
Answer: C. Olive oil
, Rationale: The Mediterranean diet emphasizes plant-based foods,
healthy fats (like olive oil), fish, and whole grains.
8. Which lab result indicates malnutrition?
A. Elevated albumin
B. Decreased prealbumin
C. High cholesterol
D. Elevated creatinine
Answer: B. Decreased prealbumin
Rationale: Prealbumin is a sensitive marker of protein malnutrition and
responds quickly to changes in nutritional status.
9. Which of the following conditions requires a low-purine diet?
A. Hypertension
B. Chronic kidney disease
C. Gout
D. Diabetes mellitus
Answer: C. Gout
Rationale: Gout is managed by limiting purine intake, which can reduce
uric acid levels and flare-ups.
10. A nurse is caring for a client with a pressure injury. Which nutrient
promotes wound healing?
A. Sodium
B. Vitamin E
C. Protein
D. Potassium
Answer: C. Protein
Rationale: Protein supports tissue repair and wound healing. Vitamin C
and zinc are also important but protein is essential.
11. A nurse is teaching a client about nutrition during pregnancy.
Which of the following should the nurse recommend increasing?
A. Apple
B. Orange juice
C. White bread
D. Chicken breast
Answer: B. Orange juice
Rationale: Orange juice is rich in potassium. Other high-potassium
foods include bananas, potatoes, and spinach.
2. A nurse is reinforcing teaching to a client with a new colostomy.
Which food should the nurse recommend to decrease odor?
A. Broccoli
B. Garlic
C. Buttermilk
D. Fish
Answer: C. Buttermilk
Rationale: Buttermilk, yogurt, and parsley can help reduce colostomy
odor. Cruciferous vegetables and fish increase it.
3. Which of the following is an appropriate source of vitamin D?
A. Olive oil
B. Fortified milk
C. Egg whites
D. Spinach
Answer: B. Fortified milk
Rationale: Fortified dairy products are primary sources of vitamin D,
essential for calcium absorption.
4. Which client statement indicates understanding of the gluten-free
diet for celiac disease?
A. “I can eat whole-wheat bread.”
,B. “I’ll avoid rye crackers.”
C. “I should avoid rice.”
D. “I can eat barley soup.”
Answer: B. “I’ll avoid rye crackers.”
Rationale: Gluten is found in wheat, rye, and barley. Rice is gluten-free
and allowed.
5. Which finding suggests dehydration?
A. Moist mucous membranes
B. Bounding pulse
C. Decreased skin turgor
D. Weight gain
Answer: C. Decreased skin turgor
Rationale: Poor skin turgor is a classic sign of dehydration, especially
in older adults.
6. A nurse is assessing a client with signs of hypocalcemia. Which of
the following findings should the nurse expect?
A. Positive Chvostek’s sign
B. Bradycardia
C. Hypoactive reflexes
D. Constipation
Answer: A. Positive Chvostek’s sign
Rationale: A positive Chvostek’s sign (facial twitching when the cheek
is tapped) indicates neuromuscular excitability from low calcium.
7. A nurse is reinforcing teaching about the Mediterranean diet. Which
of the following foods should be emphasized?
A. Red meats
B. Butter
C. Olive oil
D. Cream sauces
Answer: C. Olive oil
, Rationale: The Mediterranean diet emphasizes plant-based foods,
healthy fats (like olive oil), fish, and whole grains.
8. Which lab result indicates malnutrition?
A. Elevated albumin
B. Decreased prealbumin
C. High cholesterol
D. Elevated creatinine
Answer: B. Decreased prealbumin
Rationale: Prealbumin is a sensitive marker of protein malnutrition and
responds quickly to changes in nutritional status.
9. Which of the following conditions requires a low-purine diet?
A. Hypertension
B. Chronic kidney disease
C. Gout
D. Diabetes mellitus
Answer: C. Gout
Rationale: Gout is managed by limiting purine intake, which can reduce
uric acid levels and flare-ups.
10. A nurse is caring for a client with a pressure injury. Which nutrient
promotes wound healing?
A. Sodium
B. Vitamin E
C. Protein
D. Potassium
Answer: C. Protein
Rationale: Protein supports tissue repair and wound healing. Vitamin C
and zinc are also important but protein is essential.
11. A nurse is teaching a client about nutrition during pregnancy.
Which of the following should the nurse recommend increasing?
