What organ does cystic fibrosis affect? - ANS Affects the pancreas causing secretions into the
lungs
What is Klinefelter syndrome? - ANS An extra X chromosome for males so example XXY
causing female-like qualities
What is Turner Syndrome? - ANS females. missing or deformed x chromosome. right
hemisphere dysfunction, hearing loss, ear infection, language and articulation disorders, visual
spatial and attentional problems
What is beta thalassemia? - ANS a condition in which the synthesis of the beta-globin chains is
decreased or absent. Causes low hemoglobin.
Which medication is contraindicated in a patient with Beta Thalassemia? - ANS Ferrous Sulfate
What drug is used in combination with other agent to treat lymphoid tissue (leukemia). Directly
toxic to lymphoid tissues Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERM) - for hormone receptor
positive and advanced breast cancer. (Tomaxafin - reduces risk and recurrence risk) - ANS
Glucocorticoids
What is the normal ejection fraction? - ANS 55-60%. Less than 50% is BAD
Is an ejection fraction of 50% reduced or preserved? - ANS Preserved
What are symptoms of left sided heart failure? - ANS Think PULMONARY. JVD, FVO, rails, S3
murmurs. Number one cause of right sided heart failure!
What are symptoms of right sided heart failure? - ANS Think peripheral vascular. Lower
extremity edema, abdominal distension.
What is the gold standard lab test for heart failure? - ANS BNP. Heart failure is a result greater
than 100
What heart disease is worse with exertion? - ANS Ischemic heart disease because the demand
requirements are higher.
What should you assess before giving Digoxin? - ANS Apical pulse
How should Warfarin be started? - ANS Start initial dose at half to monitor the effects
What causes the destruction of alveolar walls? Air goes in but can't get out which leads to
hyperinflation - ANS Emphysema
What causes excess mucus production and smooth muscle hypertrophy? - ANS Bronchitis
, What is a chronic inflammatory obstruction of bronchi? - ANS Asthma, Triggers cause mucus to
clog bronchial tubes.
What causes an overbite and buffalo hump? - ANS Endocrine disorder called acromegaly
(overproduction of growth hormone)
What causes Addison's disease? - ANS Decreased glucocorticoid (due to autoimmune
destruction of adrenal cortex)
What causes Cushing's syndrome? - ANS excess cortisol
What causes Grave's disease? - ANS overproduction of thyroid hormone. HYPERthyroidism.
When should you instruct the patient to take their FIRST dose of antihypertensive? - ANS At
night to avoid orthostatic hypotension. Educate slow position changes and lay down if needed.
What are side effects of ACE inhibitors? - ANS dry cough
angioedema
hyperkalemia
*Contraindicated in pregnancy
Which type of antihypertensive should NOT be given to patients with Asthma? - ANS
Nonselective beta blocker (-lol) because both beta-2 receptors are effected
What is the first choice of calcium channel blocker? - ANS Verapamil
What side effect should you watch for in a patient taking a statin drug? - ANS Muscle pain
which can lead to rhabdomyolysis, kidney failure, and death.
Which diuretic is NOT used in patients with kidney failure and sickle cell disease? - ANS
Thiazide diuretics
What type of drug is spironolactone? - ANS potassium sparing diuretic
Which type of insulin is the most painful during injection? - ANS Lantus (long-acting)
Why test glycosylated hemoglobin (HgbA1c)? - ANS Most reliable assessment of blood sugar
over the past 3 months. The goal is < 6.5%. A poor result is > 9%
What is the normal range for TSH level? - ANS The normal range of TSH levels is 0.4 to 4.0
milli-international units per liter. If you're already being treated for a thyroid disorder, the normal
range is 0.5 to 3.0 milli-international units per liter. A value ABOVE the normal range usually
indicates hypothyroidism.
lungs
What is Klinefelter syndrome? - ANS An extra X chromosome for males so example XXY
causing female-like qualities
What is Turner Syndrome? - ANS females. missing or deformed x chromosome. right
hemisphere dysfunction, hearing loss, ear infection, language and articulation disorders, visual
spatial and attentional problems
What is beta thalassemia? - ANS a condition in which the synthesis of the beta-globin chains is
decreased or absent. Causes low hemoglobin.
Which medication is contraindicated in a patient with Beta Thalassemia? - ANS Ferrous Sulfate
What drug is used in combination with other agent to treat lymphoid tissue (leukemia). Directly
toxic to lymphoid tissues Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERM) - for hormone receptor
positive and advanced breast cancer. (Tomaxafin - reduces risk and recurrence risk) - ANS
Glucocorticoids
What is the normal ejection fraction? - ANS 55-60%. Less than 50% is BAD
Is an ejection fraction of 50% reduced or preserved? - ANS Preserved
What are symptoms of left sided heart failure? - ANS Think PULMONARY. JVD, FVO, rails, S3
murmurs. Number one cause of right sided heart failure!
What are symptoms of right sided heart failure? - ANS Think peripheral vascular. Lower
extremity edema, abdominal distension.
What is the gold standard lab test for heart failure? - ANS BNP. Heart failure is a result greater
than 100
What heart disease is worse with exertion? - ANS Ischemic heart disease because the demand
requirements are higher.
What should you assess before giving Digoxin? - ANS Apical pulse
How should Warfarin be started? - ANS Start initial dose at half to monitor the effects
What causes the destruction of alveolar walls? Air goes in but can't get out which leads to
hyperinflation - ANS Emphysema
What causes excess mucus production and smooth muscle hypertrophy? - ANS Bronchitis
, What is a chronic inflammatory obstruction of bronchi? - ANS Asthma, Triggers cause mucus to
clog bronchial tubes.
What causes an overbite and buffalo hump? - ANS Endocrine disorder called acromegaly
(overproduction of growth hormone)
What causes Addison's disease? - ANS Decreased glucocorticoid (due to autoimmune
destruction of adrenal cortex)
What causes Cushing's syndrome? - ANS excess cortisol
What causes Grave's disease? - ANS overproduction of thyroid hormone. HYPERthyroidism.
When should you instruct the patient to take their FIRST dose of antihypertensive? - ANS At
night to avoid orthostatic hypotension. Educate slow position changes and lay down if needed.
What are side effects of ACE inhibitors? - ANS dry cough
angioedema
hyperkalemia
*Contraindicated in pregnancy
Which type of antihypertensive should NOT be given to patients with Asthma? - ANS
Nonselective beta blocker (-lol) because both beta-2 receptors are effected
What is the first choice of calcium channel blocker? - ANS Verapamil
What side effect should you watch for in a patient taking a statin drug? - ANS Muscle pain
which can lead to rhabdomyolysis, kidney failure, and death.
Which diuretic is NOT used in patients with kidney failure and sickle cell disease? - ANS
Thiazide diuretics
What type of drug is spironolactone? - ANS potassium sparing diuretic
Which type of insulin is the most painful during injection? - ANS Lantus (long-acting)
Why test glycosylated hemoglobin (HgbA1c)? - ANS Most reliable assessment of blood sugar
over the past 3 months. The goal is < 6.5%. A poor result is > 9%
What is the normal range for TSH level? - ANS The normal range of TSH levels is 0.4 to 4.0
milli-international units per liter. If you're already being treated for a thyroid disorder, the normal
range is 0.5 to 3.0 milli-international units per liter. A value ABOVE the normal range usually
indicates hypothyroidism.
