AAMI - Chemistry for Embalmers Final Review| Questions and Answers 100% Solved| Latest
Update Graded A+
Way to name an enzyme 2 1. Instead of the using the substrates name you use
the type of reaction it will do.
2. If an enzyme is to hydrolyze something it is named
Hydrolase.
3. If it is going to do oxidation it is named Oxidase.
4. If the enzyme is to work on an amine group of the
amino acid doing deamination it will be named
Deaminase.
5. If the enzyme is to work on the carboxyl group it
will be named Decarboxylase.
Autolysis 1. Self cell digestion or cell self-decomposition which
is due to enzymes
2. As the process of death continues the body's pH
shifts back to alkaline (where lysosomes and
Saprophytic Bacteria do their work)and becomes an
excellent environment for enzymes to accelerate
decomposition through ____________.
Lysosomes 1. Organelles that contains digestive enzymes of a cell.
2. As the pH changes from alkaline to acidic after
death the cells membrane surrounding the
____________ ruptures and the cells own digestive
enzymes are released and begin to digest the
surrounding cellular material.
,Saprophytic Bacteria 1. Are normally present in the digestive tract as normal
flora and after death they are free to migrate out of
the intestinal tract and multiply by using dead
organic matter for their nutrition.
2. As the body becomes somewhat acidic, it becomes a
favorable environment for these microorganisms to
multiply and contribute to decomposition.
Carbs, Proteins, Fats 3 essential groups that go through decomposition
Autolytic & Bacterial 2 Main sources of Decomposition
Autolytic Decomposition Self cell digestion or cell self-decomposition which is due to
enzymes and that in the human remains the enzymes of decomposition will come from two
different sources: saprophytic bacteria and lysosomes
Bacterial Enzymes Bacteria have a different make-up than the human body therefore they
contain different ____________ within them that are not found in the body.
Lysosomes As the pH changes from alkaline to acidic, the cell membranes which surround
the _______________ breaks
down and these enzymes are then released and catalyze whatever they come in contact with.
Hydrolysis, Oxidation, Deamination & Decarboxylation 4 Processes during Autolysis that
cause change to take place
Hydrolysis of Autolysis 1. Compounds broken down through the action of water
,2. In this instance it is also done by the enzyme Hydrolase contained in Carbohydrates, Proteins,
and Fats.
3. The products after ______________ occurs are monosaccharides, amino acids, fatty acids
and glycerol.
Monosaccharides Carbohydrates are HYDROLYZED into...
Amino Acids Proteins are HYDROLYZED into...
Fatty Acids & Glycerol Fats (Lipdids) are HYDROLYZED into...
Oxidation 1. 2nd Step in Autolysis
2. Is also done by the enzyme Oxidase.
3. We now pick up with the products of hydrolysis.
a. The monosaccharides, the end products of
hydrolysis of carbohydrates are ____________
to CO₂ + H₂O.
b. Amino acids, the end products of proteins,
contain nitrogen therefore they will not go
through the process of _____________ and remain
as amino acids.
c. Fatty acids and glycerol are oxidized to CO₂ +
H₂O.
4. The products after Hydrolysis and Oxidation have
occurred are amino acids, CO₂ + H₂O.
Monosaccharides, amino acids, fatty acids & glycerol The products of autolysis after
HYDROLYSIS has occurred
, Amino Acids, CO₂ & H₂O The products of autolysis after OXIDATION has occurred
Deamination 1. Occurs with Decarboxylation in autolysis
2. Is done by the enzyme Deaminase, which removes
the amine group from the amino acid.
3. When amino acids go through the process of
____________ the products are ammonia (NH₃) + a
carboxylic (organic) acid.
4. Amino acid → ammonia + carboxylic acid.
5. The carboxylic acid does not contain nitrogen
therefore it can then be oxidized to CO₂+ H₂O.
6. The ammonia remains as ammonia.
Ammonia & Carboxylic Acid The products of autolysis after DEAMINATION has occurred
Decarboxylation 1. Occurs with Deamination as part of autolysis
2. The removal of the carboxyl group (-COOH) from
the amino acid, during autolysis is done by the
enzyme Decarboxylase.
3. When the amino acids are ________________, they
produce different amines, CO₂ + H₂O.
4. Which amine(s) produced depends on which amino
acid it was to begin with.
a. Amino acid → carbon dioxide + water + amines
+ hydrocarbons
5. Some important amines are Cadaverine, Putrescine,
Update Graded A+
Way to name an enzyme 2 1. Instead of the using the substrates name you use
the type of reaction it will do.
2. If an enzyme is to hydrolyze something it is named
Hydrolase.
3. If it is going to do oxidation it is named Oxidase.
4. If the enzyme is to work on an amine group of the
amino acid doing deamination it will be named
Deaminase.
5. If the enzyme is to work on the carboxyl group it
will be named Decarboxylase.
Autolysis 1. Self cell digestion or cell self-decomposition which
is due to enzymes
2. As the process of death continues the body's pH
shifts back to alkaline (where lysosomes and
Saprophytic Bacteria do their work)and becomes an
excellent environment for enzymes to accelerate
decomposition through ____________.
Lysosomes 1. Organelles that contains digestive enzymes of a cell.
2. As the pH changes from alkaline to acidic after
death the cells membrane surrounding the
____________ ruptures and the cells own digestive
enzymes are released and begin to digest the
surrounding cellular material.
,Saprophytic Bacteria 1. Are normally present in the digestive tract as normal
flora and after death they are free to migrate out of
the intestinal tract and multiply by using dead
organic matter for their nutrition.
2. As the body becomes somewhat acidic, it becomes a
favorable environment for these microorganisms to
multiply and contribute to decomposition.
Carbs, Proteins, Fats 3 essential groups that go through decomposition
Autolytic & Bacterial 2 Main sources of Decomposition
Autolytic Decomposition Self cell digestion or cell self-decomposition which is due to
enzymes and that in the human remains the enzymes of decomposition will come from two
different sources: saprophytic bacteria and lysosomes
Bacterial Enzymes Bacteria have a different make-up than the human body therefore they
contain different ____________ within them that are not found in the body.
Lysosomes As the pH changes from alkaline to acidic, the cell membranes which surround
the _______________ breaks
down and these enzymes are then released and catalyze whatever they come in contact with.
Hydrolysis, Oxidation, Deamination & Decarboxylation 4 Processes during Autolysis that
cause change to take place
Hydrolysis of Autolysis 1. Compounds broken down through the action of water
,2. In this instance it is also done by the enzyme Hydrolase contained in Carbohydrates, Proteins,
and Fats.
3. The products after ______________ occurs are monosaccharides, amino acids, fatty acids
and glycerol.
Monosaccharides Carbohydrates are HYDROLYZED into...
Amino Acids Proteins are HYDROLYZED into...
Fatty Acids & Glycerol Fats (Lipdids) are HYDROLYZED into...
Oxidation 1. 2nd Step in Autolysis
2. Is also done by the enzyme Oxidase.
3. We now pick up with the products of hydrolysis.
a. The monosaccharides, the end products of
hydrolysis of carbohydrates are ____________
to CO₂ + H₂O.
b. Amino acids, the end products of proteins,
contain nitrogen therefore they will not go
through the process of _____________ and remain
as amino acids.
c. Fatty acids and glycerol are oxidized to CO₂ +
H₂O.
4. The products after Hydrolysis and Oxidation have
occurred are amino acids, CO₂ + H₂O.
Monosaccharides, amino acids, fatty acids & glycerol The products of autolysis after
HYDROLYSIS has occurred
, Amino Acids, CO₂ & H₂O The products of autolysis after OXIDATION has occurred
Deamination 1. Occurs with Decarboxylation in autolysis
2. Is done by the enzyme Deaminase, which removes
the amine group from the amino acid.
3. When amino acids go through the process of
____________ the products are ammonia (NH₃) + a
carboxylic (organic) acid.
4. Amino acid → ammonia + carboxylic acid.
5. The carboxylic acid does not contain nitrogen
therefore it can then be oxidized to CO₂+ H₂O.
6. The ammonia remains as ammonia.
Ammonia & Carboxylic Acid The products of autolysis after DEAMINATION has occurred
Decarboxylation 1. Occurs with Deamination as part of autolysis
2. The removal of the carboxyl group (-COOH) from
the amino acid, during autolysis is done by the
enzyme Decarboxylase.
3. When the amino acids are ________________, they
produce different amines, CO₂ + H₂O.
4. Which amine(s) produced depends on which amino
acid it was to begin with.
a. Amino acid → carbon dioxide + water + amines
+ hydrocarbons
5. Some important amines are Cadaverine, Putrescine,
