PALS 2025 Exam Questions and Answers
Which pulses should be assessed to monitor systemic perfusion in a child? - ANSWER✔✔-
peripheral and central
What should the first rescuer arriving on the scene of an unresponsive infant or child do? (in order)
- ANSWER✔✔-1. verify scene safety
2. check for responsiveness
3. shout for help
4. activate the emergency response system
Why may excessive ventilation during CPR be harmful? - ANSWER✔✔-- it increases intrathoracic
pressure
- it impedes venous return
If you cannot achieve effective ventilation (ie, the chest does not rise), do the following: -
ANSWER✔✔-- reposition/reopen the airway (sniffing position)
- verify mask size and ensure a tight face-mask seal
- suction the airway if needed
- check the O2 source
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, - check the ventilation bag and mask
- treat gastric inflation (NG/OG)
- consider 2-person bag-mask ventilation and inserting an OPA
Ventilation rate - ANSWER✔✔-1 breath every 2-3 seconds delivered over 1 second (20-30 breaths
per minute)
Early signs of tissue hypoxia - ANSWER✔✔-- tachypnea
- increased respiratory effort (nasal flaring, retractions)
- tachycardia
- pallor, mottling, cyanosis
- agitation, anxiety, irritability
Late signs of tissue hypoxia - ANSWER✔✔-- bradypnea, inadequate respiratory effort, apnea
- increased respiratory effort (head bobbing, seesaw respirations, grunting)
- bradycardia
- pallor, mottling, cyanosis
- decreased level of consciousness
What is the role of the diaphragm during normal breathing in infants? - ANSWER✔✔-pulls the ribs
slightly inward
S/S mild respiratory distress - ANSWER✔✔-- mild tachypnea
FOR STUDY PURPOSES ONLY COPYRIGHT © 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
Which pulses should be assessed to monitor systemic perfusion in a child? - ANSWER✔✔-
peripheral and central
What should the first rescuer arriving on the scene of an unresponsive infant or child do? (in order)
- ANSWER✔✔-1. verify scene safety
2. check for responsiveness
3. shout for help
4. activate the emergency response system
Why may excessive ventilation during CPR be harmful? - ANSWER✔✔-- it increases intrathoracic
pressure
- it impedes venous return
If you cannot achieve effective ventilation (ie, the chest does not rise), do the following: -
ANSWER✔✔-- reposition/reopen the airway (sniffing position)
- verify mask size and ensure a tight face-mask seal
- suction the airway if needed
- check the O2 source
FOR STUDY PURPOSES ONLY COPYRIGHT © 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
, - check the ventilation bag and mask
- treat gastric inflation (NG/OG)
- consider 2-person bag-mask ventilation and inserting an OPA
Ventilation rate - ANSWER✔✔-1 breath every 2-3 seconds delivered over 1 second (20-30 breaths
per minute)
Early signs of tissue hypoxia - ANSWER✔✔-- tachypnea
- increased respiratory effort (nasal flaring, retractions)
- tachycardia
- pallor, mottling, cyanosis
- agitation, anxiety, irritability
Late signs of tissue hypoxia - ANSWER✔✔-- bradypnea, inadequate respiratory effort, apnea
- increased respiratory effort (head bobbing, seesaw respirations, grunting)
- bradycardia
- pallor, mottling, cyanosis
- decreased level of consciousness
What is the role of the diaphragm during normal breathing in infants? - ANSWER✔✔-pulls the ribs
slightly inward
S/S mild respiratory distress - ANSWER✔✔-- mild tachypnea
FOR STUDY PURPOSES ONLY COPYRIGHT © 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
