NURS 6050 COMPREHENSIVE EXAM 2025/2026 QUESTIONS
AND SOLUTIONS MARKED A+
✔✔Antibodies are produced in:
The thymus gland
Plasma cells
Helper T lymphocytes
The bone marrow - ✔✔Plasma cells (?)
An antibody, or immunoglobulin, is a serum glycoprotein produced by plasma cells in
response to a challenge by an immunogen.
✔✔B-cell receptor (BCR) complex function differs from the function of circulating
antibodies because the BCR complex:
Secretes chemical signals to communicate between cells
Recognizes the antigen on the surface of the B lymphocyte
Communicates information about the antigen to the helper T cell
Communicates information about the antigen to the cell nucleus - ✔✔Communicates
information about the antigen to the cell nucleus (?)
Its role is to recognize antigen, but unlike circulating antibody, the receptor must
communicate that information to the cell's nucleus.
✔✔What are characteristics of Th1 cells?
They are induced by antigens derived from allergens
They produce IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, and IL-13
They are induced by antigens derived from cancer cells
They assist in the development of humoral immunity - ✔✔They are induced by antigens
derived from cancer cells (?)
Antigens derived from viral or bacterial pathogens and those derived from cancer cells
are hypothesized to induce a greater number of Th1 cells relative to Th2 cells.
✔✔Which is an example of a bacterial toxin that has been inactivated, but still retains its
immunogenicity to protect the person?
Measles
Poliomyelitis
Tetanus
Gonorrhea - ✔✔Tetanus
, The symptoms of tetanus or diphtheria are mediated by specific toxins. To prevent
harming the recipient of immunization, bacterial toxins are chemically inactivated so that
they have lost most of their harmful properties but still retain their immunogenicity.
These are referred to as toxoids.
✔✔The hypersensitivity reaction that occurs after a person who is allergic to bee stings
is stung by a bee is called:
Hemolytic shock
Necrotizing vasculitis
Systemic erythematosus
Anaphylaxis - ✔✔Anaphylaxis
Examples of systemic anaphylaxis are allergic reactions to bee stings, peanuts, and
fish.
✔✔Common hay fever allergy is expressed through a reaction that is mediated by:
IgG
IgE
T cells
IgM - ✔✔IgE
Type I reactions are mediated by antigen-specific IgE and the products of tissue mast
cells (Figure 8-1). Most common allergies (e.g., pollen allergies) are type I reactions. In
addition, most type I reactions occur against environmental antigens and are therefore
allergic.
✔✔The class of antibody involved in type I hypersensitivity reactions is:
IgE
IgM
IgG
IgA - ✔✔IgE (?)
Type I reactions are mediated by antigen-specific IgE and the products of tissue mast
cells (Figure 8-1).
✔✔In a type II hypersensitivity reaction, when soluble antigens from infectious agents
enter circulation, tissue damage is a result of:
Phagocytosis by macrophages
Phagocytosis in the spleen
Complement-mediated cell lysis
AND SOLUTIONS MARKED A+
✔✔Antibodies are produced in:
The thymus gland
Plasma cells
Helper T lymphocytes
The bone marrow - ✔✔Plasma cells (?)
An antibody, or immunoglobulin, is a serum glycoprotein produced by plasma cells in
response to a challenge by an immunogen.
✔✔B-cell receptor (BCR) complex function differs from the function of circulating
antibodies because the BCR complex:
Secretes chemical signals to communicate between cells
Recognizes the antigen on the surface of the B lymphocyte
Communicates information about the antigen to the helper T cell
Communicates information about the antigen to the cell nucleus - ✔✔Communicates
information about the antigen to the cell nucleus (?)
Its role is to recognize antigen, but unlike circulating antibody, the receptor must
communicate that information to the cell's nucleus.
✔✔What are characteristics of Th1 cells?
They are induced by antigens derived from allergens
They produce IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, and IL-13
They are induced by antigens derived from cancer cells
They assist in the development of humoral immunity - ✔✔They are induced by antigens
derived from cancer cells (?)
Antigens derived from viral or bacterial pathogens and those derived from cancer cells
are hypothesized to induce a greater number of Th1 cells relative to Th2 cells.
✔✔Which is an example of a bacterial toxin that has been inactivated, but still retains its
immunogenicity to protect the person?
Measles
Poliomyelitis
Tetanus
Gonorrhea - ✔✔Tetanus
, The symptoms of tetanus or diphtheria are mediated by specific toxins. To prevent
harming the recipient of immunization, bacterial toxins are chemically inactivated so that
they have lost most of their harmful properties but still retain their immunogenicity.
These are referred to as toxoids.
✔✔The hypersensitivity reaction that occurs after a person who is allergic to bee stings
is stung by a bee is called:
Hemolytic shock
Necrotizing vasculitis
Systemic erythematosus
Anaphylaxis - ✔✔Anaphylaxis
Examples of systemic anaphylaxis are allergic reactions to bee stings, peanuts, and
fish.
✔✔Common hay fever allergy is expressed through a reaction that is mediated by:
IgG
IgE
T cells
IgM - ✔✔IgE
Type I reactions are mediated by antigen-specific IgE and the products of tissue mast
cells (Figure 8-1). Most common allergies (e.g., pollen allergies) are type I reactions. In
addition, most type I reactions occur against environmental antigens and are therefore
allergic.
✔✔The class of antibody involved in type I hypersensitivity reactions is:
IgE
IgM
IgG
IgA - ✔✔IgE (?)
Type I reactions are mediated by antigen-specific IgE and the products of tissue mast
cells (Figure 8-1).
✔✔In a type II hypersensitivity reaction, when soluble antigens from infectious agents
enter circulation, tissue damage is a result of:
Phagocytosis by macrophages
Phagocytosis in the spleen
Complement-mediated cell lysis
