NUR 221 EXAM 1 | 193 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS | GRADED
A+ | NEW UPDATE 2025
Normal BP - ANSWER Less than 120 and less than 80
elevated Bp - ANSWER 120-129 and less than 80
High blood pressure (hypertension stage 1) - ANSWER 130-139 and 80-89
High Blood pressure (hypertension stage 2) - ANSWER 140 or higher and 90 or
higher
Hypertensive crisis (see Dr. immediately) - ANSWER more than 180 and more
than 120
Test for hypertension - ANSWER BP test, EKG may include cardiac involvement,
and cxr may indicate cardiomeglay (enlargement of heart)
symptoms for hypertension - ANSWER there are typically no symptoms with
hypertension and it is known as the silent killer
Average American diet - ANSWER 15 g sodium daily. Recommended only 2.4
g/daily; low salt diet may be enough to control HTN without meds
,Steps for taking BP - ANSWER rest 5 mins
wait 1 minute between readings
support arm at level of heart
dont take BP over clothes
Goal of HTN - ANSWER Goal is control of HTN and prevention of heart disease,
stroke and renal disease
Dash Diet - ANSWER eat less red meats and sweets, Cutting back on foods that
are high in saturated fat, cholesterol, and total fat
Pulse pressure - ANSWER difference in systolic and diastolic pressure. Normal
is 40mmhg and can exceed 100 during exercise. Less than 25 is severe heart
failure.if exceeds 60 could lead to cvd
Orthostatic Hypotension - ANSWER Blood pressure taken lying down, sitting
and standing.
SBP changes > 20 mm Hg
DBP changes > 10 mm Hg
oxygen rich blood - ANSWER enters the heart from the lungs and goes out to
the body
oxygen poor blood - ANSWER enters the heart from the body and goes out to
the lungs
,Stroke Volume - ANSWER Amount of blood ejected from the heart with each
beat
Cardiac Output - ANSWER amount of blood ejected from the heart each
minute
Preload - ANSWER Blood in the left ventricle immediately before contraction
afterload - ANSWER Resistance the left ventricle pushes against
Ejection Fraction - ANSWER The amount of blood pumped out of the left
ventricle with each contraction. This is never going to be 100% Shows
effectiveness of the heart "pump" Normal range is greater than 55% and less than
40% seen with CHF
Ischemia - ANSWER a decrease in supply of oxygenated blood to the tissue,
angina is secondary to ischemia which is chest pain
angina - ANSWER chest pain
Necrosis - ANSWER Localized death of tissue related to interruption of supply
of oxygenated blood to the tissues
Angina Pectoris - ANSWER chest pain related to inadequate oxygen supply
(ischemia)
, Myocardial Infarction (MI) - ANSWER related to necrosis (death) of the heart
muscle
Congestive Heart Failure - ANSWER the heart is inadequate as a pump,
decreased cardiac output. Heart can't pump enough blood to meet the body's
metabolic need
Left heart failure - ANSWER fluid backs up into the lungs
wheezes, crackles, dyspnea, confusion, restlesness, tachycardia, blood tinged
sputum
since fluid is in the lungs, this causes improper gas exchange of o2 and carbon
dioxide to diffuse. Heart will beat faster and causing to become tachycardic
right heart failure - ANSWER fluid backs up into the body
JVD
dependent edema
fatigue
ascites
increased peripheral venous pressure
enlarged liver and spleen
swelling in hands and fingers
dysrythmia - ANSWER not a normal sinus rhythm
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS | GRADED
A+ | NEW UPDATE 2025
Normal BP - ANSWER Less than 120 and less than 80
elevated Bp - ANSWER 120-129 and less than 80
High blood pressure (hypertension stage 1) - ANSWER 130-139 and 80-89
High Blood pressure (hypertension stage 2) - ANSWER 140 or higher and 90 or
higher
Hypertensive crisis (see Dr. immediately) - ANSWER more than 180 and more
than 120
Test for hypertension - ANSWER BP test, EKG may include cardiac involvement,
and cxr may indicate cardiomeglay (enlargement of heart)
symptoms for hypertension - ANSWER there are typically no symptoms with
hypertension and it is known as the silent killer
Average American diet - ANSWER 15 g sodium daily. Recommended only 2.4
g/daily; low salt diet may be enough to control HTN without meds
,Steps for taking BP - ANSWER rest 5 mins
wait 1 minute between readings
support arm at level of heart
dont take BP over clothes
Goal of HTN - ANSWER Goal is control of HTN and prevention of heart disease,
stroke and renal disease
Dash Diet - ANSWER eat less red meats and sweets, Cutting back on foods that
are high in saturated fat, cholesterol, and total fat
Pulse pressure - ANSWER difference in systolic and diastolic pressure. Normal
is 40mmhg and can exceed 100 during exercise. Less than 25 is severe heart
failure.if exceeds 60 could lead to cvd
Orthostatic Hypotension - ANSWER Blood pressure taken lying down, sitting
and standing.
SBP changes > 20 mm Hg
DBP changes > 10 mm Hg
oxygen rich blood - ANSWER enters the heart from the lungs and goes out to
the body
oxygen poor blood - ANSWER enters the heart from the body and goes out to
the lungs
,Stroke Volume - ANSWER Amount of blood ejected from the heart with each
beat
Cardiac Output - ANSWER amount of blood ejected from the heart each
minute
Preload - ANSWER Blood in the left ventricle immediately before contraction
afterload - ANSWER Resistance the left ventricle pushes against
Ejection Fraction - ANSWER The amount of blood pumped out of the left
ventricle with each contraction. This is never going to be 100% Shows
effectiveness of the heart "pump" Normal range is greater than 55% and less than
40% seen with CHF
Ischemia - ANSWER a decrease in supply of oxygenated blood to the tissue,
angina is secondary to ischemia which is chest pain
angina - ANSWER chest pain
Necrosis - ANSWER Localized death of tissue related to interruption of supply
of oxygenated blood to the tissues
Angina Pectoris - ANSWER chest pain related to inadequate oxygen supply
(ischemia)
, Myocardial Infarction (MI) - ANSWER related to necrosis (death) of the heart
muscle
Congestive Heart Failure - ANSWER the heart is inadequate as a pump,
decreased cardiac output. Heart can't pump enough blood to meet the body's
metabolic need
Left heart failure - ANSWER fluid backs up into the lungs
wheezes, crackles, dyspnea, confusion, restlesness, tachycardia, blood tinged
sputum
since fluid is in the lungs, this causes improper gas exchange of o2 and carbon
dioxide to diffuse. Heart will beat faster and causing to become tachycardic
right heart failure - ANSWER fluid backs up into the body
JVD
dependent edema
fatigue
ascites
increased peripheral venous pressure
enlarged liver and spleen
swelling in hands and fingers
dysrythmia - ANSWER not a normal sinus rhythm
