2024 AQA GCSE TRIPLE
SCIENCE HIGHER
CHEMISTRY PAPER 1
MARK SCHEME
Filtration - ANSIt removes large, insoluble particles from a liquid.
eg. sand from water
evaporation/crystallisation - ANSleaves behind crystals of a dissolved substance if
heated gently
Distillation - ANScondesing and evaporating a solvent and then collecting it
Fractional distillation - separates liquids due to their boiling points
chromatography - AND causes a substance for rise up paper due to capillary action.
lighter particles move further up .
solid - vibrate about fixed positions
regular lattice arrangement
cannot be compressed
liquid - AND no regular arrangement and can move past each other
cannot be compressed
gas - ANSparticles are far apart
move randomly at fast speeds
can be compressed
what is needed to overcome the electrostatic forces of attraction between the
particles to melt/evaporate? - ANSheat energy
What model of the atom did JJ Thomson design - ANSPlum pudding model.
, sphere of positive mass and negative particles randomly inside.
Ernest Rutherford - discovered that the nucleus was small and positively charged by
finding most alpha particles went straight through a gold leaf and few were deflected
back.
Neils Bohr - ANSdedecued that electrons exist in shells.
james chadwick - ANSdeterminded that the nucleus must contain neutrons as well
as protons
What did mendeleev do - AND left gaps in his table for unknown elements and
made predictions about their properties
how was the periodic table ordered before mendeleev - ANSordered by atomic
weight due to having similar properties
What are group 1 metals and their properties - AND alkali metals
they lose outer electron to form positive ions
they are more reactive down the group as the electron is further away from the
nucleus and the force of attraction is lost
what are group 7 called and their properties - ANShalogens
form -1 ions to gain a full outer shell
less reactive as you go down the group and the boiling point increases
noble gases - AND group 0 are very unreactive as they have an empty outer shell
What is metallic bonding? - ANSIt involves a lattice of ions surrounded by a sea of
delocalized electrons.
Why are metals good conductors of electricity and heat ? - ANSMetals are good
conductors of electricity because of the free movement of delocalized electrons.
ionic bonding - between metals and non metals
metal atoms donate electrons to nonmetals to form ions
What is the structure of ionic compounds? - ANSIons are arranged in a lattice of
repeating positive and negative ions to form a crystal.
Why do ionic substances have high melting and boiling points? - ANSDue to the
strong ionic bonds present in the lattice structure.
SCIENCE HIGHER
CHEMISTRY PAPER 1
MARK SCHEME
Filtration - ANSIt removes large, insoluble particles from a liquid.
eg. sand from water
evaporation/crystallisation - ANSleaves behind crystals of a dissolved substance if
heated gently
Distillation - ANScondesing and evaporating a solvent and then collecting it
Fractional distillation - separates liquids due to their boiling points
chromatography - AND causes a substance for rise up paper due to capillary action.
lighter particles move further up .
solid - vibrate about fixed positions
regular lattice arrangement
cannot be compressed
liquid - AND no regular arrangement and can move past each other
cannot be compressed
gas - ANSparticles are far apart
move randomly at fast speeds
can be compressed
what is needed to overcome the electrostatic forces of attraction between the
particles to melt/evaporate? - ANSheat energy
What model of the atom did JJ Thomson design - ANSPlum pudding model.
, sphere of positive mass and negative particles randomly inside.
Ernest Rutherford - discovered that the nucleus was small and positively charged by
finding most alpha particles went straight through a gold leaf and few were deflected
back.
Neils Bohr - ANSdedecued that electrons exist in shells.
james chadwick - ANSdeterminded that the nucleus must contain neutrons as well
as protons
What did mendeleev do - AND left gaps in his table for unknown elements and
made predictions about their properties
how was the periodic table ordered before mendeleev - ANSordered by atomic
weight due to having similar properties
What are group 1 metals and their properties - AND alkali metals
they lose outer electron to form positive ions
they are more reactive down the group as the electron is further away from the
nucleus and the force of attraction is lost
what are group 7 called and their properties - ANShalogens
form -1 ions to gain a full outer shell
less reactive as you go down the group and the boiling point increases
noble gases - AND group 0 are very unreactive as they have an empty outer shell
What is metallic bonding? - ANSIt involves a lattice of ions surrounded by a sea of
delocalized electrons.
Why are metals good conductors of electricity and heat ? - ANSMetals are good
conductors of electricity because of the free movement of delocalized electrons.
ionic bonding - between metals and non metals
metal atoms donate electrons to nonmetals to form ions
What is the structure of ionic compounds? - ANSIons are arranged in a lattice of
repeating positive and negative ions to form a crystal.
Why do ionic substances have high melting and boiling points? - ANSDue to the
strong ionic bonds present in the lattice structure.
