ENV320 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS FULLY SOLVED
What are the main human-focused activities and their approximate time allocations? -
Answers~9 hours for sleep, ~1.5 hours for biological and health-care needs, ~7 hours for
relaxing, socializing, media use, eating, exercising, games, and religious practices, and ~1 hour
for education and research.
What societal management activities are performed and their time allocations? - Answers~1
hour for governance, law, finance, trade, banking, and bill-paying, and ~1 hour for commuting
and transportation.
What is the total time allocated for deliberate earth alteration activities? - AnswersSlightly over
3 hours.
What are the main components of deliberate earth alteration activities? - Answers~2.25 hours
on food systems and tidying inhabited areas, ~45 minutes on resource extraction,
manufacturing, and construction.
What are the specific time allocations within the 45 minutes of resource extraction,
manufacturing, and construction? - Answers6 minutes for resource extraction and energy
provisioning, ~30+ minutes for construction and manufacturing, and 1 minute for waste
management.
What is the relationship between the time spent on ecologically destructive activities and their
environmental impact? - AnswersThe most ecologically destructive activities take minimal time
relative to their environmental impact.
What does modern industry consume annually, and what is its ecological consequence? -
AnswersModern industry consumes ~70 gigatonnes of material annually, leading to immense
ecological consequences.
What are the federal subject matters in Canada? - AnswersPublic property, fisheries, navigation
and shipping, criminal law, and 'Indians, and land reserves for Indians'.
What are the provincial subject matters in Canada? - AnswersProperty and civil rights in the
province, management of provincial crown lands, municipal institutions, and all matters of local
or private nature.
What is the federal jurisdiction regarding fisheries and navigation? - AnswersFederal jurisdiction
includes fisheries, fish habitats, marine mammals, marine plants in coastal waters, emissions,
safety, and navigation routes.
,What responsibilities do provinces have regarding rivers and lakes? - AnswersProvinces are
responsible for water use, watershed management, and effluent discharge.
What federal responsibilities exist concerning rivers and lakes? - AnswersFederal responsibilities
include interprovincial and international pollution, boundary waters, and rivers and lakes on
federal lands.
What is the jurisdiction over oceans in Canada? - AnswersFederal jurisdiction over the territorial
sea and exclusive economic zone, including resource exploitation and marine protected areas.
Who oversees public drinking water and wastewater systems? - AnswersProvincial/territorial
governments oversee these systems, often delegated to municipalities.
What is the federal responsibility regarding drinking water? - AnswersFederal responsibility
includes drinking water on federal lands, First Nations reserves, and federal institutions.
What are the provincial and federal jurisdictions regarding industrial emissions? -
AnswersProvinces regulate most industrial emissions, while federal jurisdiction covers emissions
from federally regulated industries.
What is the federal jurisdiction concerning toxic substances? - AnswersFederal jurisdiction to
regulate toxic substances under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999 (CEPA).
What is the federal responsibility regarding international air pollution? - AnswersFederal
responsibility for air pollution affecting countries outside Canada.
What are the provincial and federal powers regarding greenhouse gases (GHGs) and climate
change? - AnswersProvinces handle carbon taxes and emissions trading schemes; federal
powers include carbon tax under taxation authority, GHG regulation as toxic substances under
CEPA, and national standards for vehicles.
What determines the jurisdiction of terrestrial protected areas? - AnswersJurisdiction depends
on land ownership.
What determines the jurisdiction over terrestrial protected areas in Canada? -
AnswersJurisdiction depends on land ownership, with federal protected areas including national
parks and wildlife areas.
What is the federal jurisdiction regarding wildlife and species at risk? - AnswersFederal
jurisdiction covers wildlife on federal lands, aquatic species, migratory birds, and
international/interprovincial wildlife trade under the Wild Animal and Plant Protection Act.
,What are the responsibilities of provincial and municipal governments in waste management? -
AnswersProvincial and municipal governments are responsible for household waste, recycling,
and waste management policies.
What is the federal jurisdiction concerning waste management? - AnswersFederal jurisdiction
includes toxic substance regulation under CEPA, hazardous waste movement across borders,
and waste management on federal lands and First Nations reserves.
What is the federal jurisdiction over nuclear activities in Canada? - AnswersFederal jurisdiction
over nuclear energy and related industries is declared under the Constitution Act, 1867.
What is the provincial jurisdiction regarding environmental assessments? - AnswersProvinces
have broad jurisdiction over projects under 'property and civil rights' and local matters.
What triggers federal jurisdiction for environmental assessments? - AnswersFederal jurisdiction
applies to projects affecting federal interests, such as fish habitats, aquatic species, migratory
birds, federal lands, cross-border environmental impacts, and Indigenous peoples' lands.
What are the levels at which climate action can occur? - AnswersClimate action can occur at the
international level and the state/country level.
What was the purpose of the 1992 Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit? - AnswersThe Earth Summit
aimed to establish the UN framework convention on climate change, urging industrialized
nations to begin reducing emissions.
What was the Kyoto Protocol and when did it go into effect? - AnswersThe Kyoto Protocol was
the first international treaty setting overall emission reduction goals for nations, and it went into
effect in 2005.
What were the limitations of the Kyoto Protocol? - AnswersExemptions, loopholes, and lack of
participation led to continued global emissions increases.
What was the aim of the 2015 Paris Climate Agreement? - AnswersThe Paris Agreement aimed
to allow countries to set their own reduction targets and plans, intending to limit warming
below 1.5-2 degrees Celsius.
What concerns were raised about the Paris Climate Agreement? - AnswersConcerns centered
on the adequacy of targets and plans to achieve necessary emission reductions.
What were the goals of COP28 and COP29? - AnswersThe goals were to accelerate action and
enhance the impact of plans made under the Paris Agreement, including country targets and
pledges.
, What are the different levels of government in Canada? - AnswersThe levels of government are
federal, provincial and territorial, and municipal.
What responsibilities does the federal government have in Canada? - AnswersFederal
responsibilities include fisheries and immigration.
What responsibilities does the provincial government have in Canada? - AnswersProvincial
responsibilities include transport and education.
What responsibilities does the municipal government have in Canada? - AnswersMunicipal
responsibilities include water and sewage, garbage collection, and parks and recreation.
What is the significance of the British North America Act (BNA) 1867? - AnswersThe BNA Act is
Canada's constitutional document, granting the federal government authority over 'Indians and
lands reserved for Indians' and facilitating the assimilation policy.
What framework do constitutions set out in relation to government? - AnswersConstitutions
outline how government institutions interact, the powers they hold, how laws are made, and
the relationship between government and citizens.
Which regions of Canada came together for Confederation in 1867? - AnswersQuebec (Upper
Canada), Ontario (Lower Canada), Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick.
Which section of the BNA Act grants the federal government authority over Indigenous
matters? - AnswersSubsection 91(24) of the BNA Act grants this authority.
What level of government is responsible for university education in Canada? - AnswersProvincial
(Section 93)
Which level of government regulates health in Canada? - AnswersProvincial (Section 92)
What is the federal section that governs old age pensions in Canada? - AnswersSection 94A
What federal section covers unemployment insurance? - AnswersSection 91 (2A)
Which federal section pertains to naturalization and aliens? - AnswersSection 91 (25)
What federal section addresses agriculture and immigration? - AnswersSection 95
Which federal section regulates public property navigation and shipping? - AnswersSection 91
(1A)
What are the early federal environmental laws mentioned in the notes? - AnswersThe Navigable
Waters Protection Act (1882), The Fisheries Act (1868), Migratory Birds Convention Act (1917)
What level of government is responsible for natural resources and forestry resources? -
AnswersProvincial (Section 92 (A))
What are the main human-focused activities and their approximate time allocations? -
Answers~9 hours for sleep, ~1.5 hours for biological and health-care needs, ~7 hours for
relaxing, socializing, media use, eating, exercising, games, and religious practices, and ~1 hour
for education and research.
What societal management activities are performed and their time allocations? - Answers~1
hour for governance, law, finance, trade, banking, and bill-paying, and ~1 hour for commuting
and transportation.
What is the total time allocated for deliberate earth alteration activities? - AnswersSlightly over
3 hours.
What are the main components of deliberate earth alteration activities? - Answers~2.25 hours
on food systems and tidying inhabited areas, ~45 minutes on resource extraction,
manufacturing, and construction.
What are the specific time allocations within the 45 minutes of resource extraction,
manufacturing, and construction? - Answers6 minutes for resource extraction and energy
provisioning, ~30+ minutes for construction and manufacturing, and 1 minute for waste
management.
What is the relationship between the time spent on ecologically destructive activities and their
environmental impact? - AnswersThe most ecologically destructive activities take minimal time
relative to their environmental impact.
What does modern industry consume annually, and what is its ecological consequence? -
AnswersModern industry consumes ~70 gigatonnes of material annually, leading to immense
ecological consequences.
What are the federal subject matters in Canada? - AnswersPublic property, fisheries, navigation
and shipping, criminal law, and 'Indians, and land reserves for Indians'.
What are the provincial subject matters in Canada? - AnswersProperty and civil rights in the
province, management of provincial crown lands, municipal institutions, and all matters of local
or private nature.
What is the federal jurisdiction regarding fisheries and navigation? - AnswersFederal jurisdiction
includes fisheries, fish habitats, marine mammals, marine plants in coastal waters, emissions,
safety, and navigation routes.
,What responsibilities do provinces have regarding rivers and lakes? - AnswersProvinces are
responsible for water use, watershed management, and effluent discharge.
What federal responsibilities exist concerning rivers and lakes? - AnswersFederal responsibilities
include interprovincial and international pollution, boundary waters, and rivers and lakes on
federal lands.
What is the jurisdiction over oceans in Canada? - AnswersFederal jurisdiction over the territorial
sea and exclusive economic zone, including resource exploitation and marine protected areas.
Who oversees public drinking water and wastewater systems? - AnswersProvincial/territorial
governments oversee these systems, often delegated to municipalities.
What is the federal responsibility regarding drinking water? - AnswersFederal responsibility
includes drinking water on federal lands, First Nations reserves, and federal institutions.
What are the provincial and federal jurisdictions regarding industrial emissions? -
AnswersProvinces regulate most industrial emissions, while federal jurisdiction covers emissions
from federally regulated industries.
What is the federal jurisdiction concerning toxic substances? - AnswersFederal jurisdiction to
regulate toxic substances under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999 (CEPA).
What is the federal responsibility regarding international air pollution? - AnswersFederal
responsibility for air pollution affecting countries outside Canada.
What are the provincial and federal powers regarding greenhouse gases (GHGs) and climate
change? - AnswersProvinces handle carbon taxes and emissions trading schemes; federal
powers include carbon tax under taxation authority, GHG regulation as toxic substances under
CEPA, and national standards for vehicles.
What determines the jurisdiction of terrestrial protected areas? - AnswersJurisdiction depends
on land ownership.
What determines the jurisdiction over terrestrial protected areas in Canada? -
AnswersJurisdiction depends on land ownership, with federal protected areas including national
parks and wildlife areas.
What is the federal jurisdiction regarding wildlife and species at risk? - AnswersFederal
jurisdiction covers wildlife on federal lands, aquatic species, migratory birds, and
international/interprovincial wildlife trade under the Wild Animal and Plant Protection Act.
,What are the responsibilities of provincial and municipal governments in waste management? -
AnswersProvincial and municipal governments are responsible for household waste, recycling,
and waste management policies.
What is the federal jurisdiction concerning waste management? - AnswersFederal jurisdiction
includes toxic substance regulation under CEPA, hazardous waste movement across borders,
and waste management on federal lands and First Nations reserves.
What is the federal jurisdiction over nuclear activities in Canada? - AnswersFederal jurisdiction
over nuclear energy and related industries is declared under the Constitution Act, 1867.
What is the provincial jurisdiction regarding environmental assessments? - AnswersProvinces
have broad jurisdiction over projects under 'property and civil rights' and local matters.
What triggers federal jurisdiction for environmental assessments? - AnswersFederal jurisdiction
applies to projects affecting federal interests, such as fish habitats, aquatic species, migratory
birds, federal lands, cross-border environmental impacts, and Indigenous peoples' lands.
What are the levels at which climate action can occur? - AnswersClimate action can occur at the
international level and the state/country level.
What was the purpose of the 1992 Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit? - AnswersThe Earth Summit
aimed to establish the UN framework convention on climate change, urging industrialized
nations to begin reducing emissions.
What was the Kyoto Protocol and when did it go into effect? - AnswersThe Kyoto Protocol was
the first international treaty setting overall emission reduction goals for nations, and it went into
effect in 2005.
What were the limitations of the Kyoto Protocol? - AnswersExemptions, loopholes, and lack of
participation led to continued global emissions increases.
What was the aim of the 2015 Paris Climate Agreement? - AnswersThe Paris Agreement aimed
to allow countries to set their own reduction targets and plans, intending to limit warming
below 1.5-2 degrees Celsius.
What concerns were raised about the Paris Climate Agreement? - AnswersConcerns centered
on the adequacy of targets and plans to achieve necessary emission reductions.
What were the goals of COP28 and COP29? - AnswersThe goals were to accelerate action and
enhance the impact of plans made under the Paris Agreement, including country targets and
pledges.
, What are the different levels of government in Canada? - AnswersThe levels of government are
federal, provincial and territorial, and municipal.
What responsibilities does the federal government have in Canada? - AnswersFederal
responsibilities include fisheries and immigration.
What responsibilities does the provincial government have in Canada? - AnswersProvincial
responsibilities include transport and education.
What responsibilities does the municipal government have in Canada? - AnswersMunicipal
responsibilities include water and sewage, garbage collection, and parks and recreation.
What is the significance of the British North America Act (BNA) 1867? - AnswersThe BNA Act is
Canada's constitutional document, granting the federal government authority over 'Indians and
lands reserved for Indians' and facilitating the assimilation policy.
What framework do constitutions set out in relation to government? - AnswersConstitutions
outline how government institutions interact, the powers they hold, how laws are made, and
the relationship between government and citizens.
Which regions of Canada came together for Confederation in 1867? - AnswersQuebec (Upper
Canada), Ontario (Lower Canada), Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick.
Which section of the BNA Act grants the federal government authority over Indigenous
matters? - AnswersSubsection 91(24) of the BNA Act grants this authority.
What level of government is responsible for university education in Canada? - AnswersProvincial
(Section 93)
Which level of government regulates health in Canada? - AnswersProvincial (Section 92)
What is the federal section that governs old age pensions in Canada? - AnswersSection 94A
What federal section covers unemployment insurance? - AnswersSection 91 (2A)
Which federal section pertains to naturalization and aliens? - AnswersSection 91 (25)
What federal section addresses agriculture and immigration? - AnswersSection 95
Which federal section regulates public property navigation and shipping? - AnswersSection 91
(1A)
What are the early federal environmental laws mentioned in the notes? - AnswersThe Navigable
Waters Protection Act (1882), The Fisheries Act (1868), Migratory Birds Convention Act (1917)
What level of government is responsible for natural resources and forestry resources? -
AnswersProvincial (Section 92 (A))
