Class 2 antiarrhythmic drugs
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Beta Blockers
-acebutolol, atenolol, bisoprolol, metoprolol, nadolol and propranolol.
Path of blood flow
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- Deoxygenated blood flows into heart from superior vena cava (upper
extremities/head and neck) and inferior vena cava (lower extremities) →
Right atria fills and contracts, tricuspid valve opens, right ventricle fills,
tricuspid valve closes to prevent backflow into right atria → Right ventricle
filled with deoxygenated blood, right ventricle contracts, pulmonary valve
opens and deoxygenated blood pumped into pulmonary-gas exchange in
lungs CO2-o2, pulmonary valve closes to prevent backflow into right
ventricle → Oxygen rich blood returns from the pulmonary vein into the
left atrium of the heart, left atrium fills, contracts and mitral valve opens,
blood pumped into left ventricle, left ventricle is full, mitral valve closes,
left ventricle contracts aortic valve opens, oxygen rich blood pumped into
the aorta to reach all parts of the body, aortic valve closes quickly to
prevent backflow
Atherosclerosis
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- specific type of arteriosclerosis differentiated by presence of atheromas
(plaques consisting of lipids, cells, fibrin, and cell debris, that are often with
attached thrombi and form inside the walls of large arteries)
Digoxin MOA
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, -used for heart rate control in afib or aflutter or in CHF to improve
contractility of heart muscle
-class of drug is antiarrhythmic
- increases force of heart beat (+inotropy) and decreases heart rate (-
chronotropy) via inhibition of Na-K-ATPase pump.
Tests for hypocalcemia
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Chvostek's sign, Trousseau's Sign
A patient is receiving an IV infusion of heparin and was started on warfarin therapy
the night before. Which statement is most correct?
A.The patient is receiving a double dose of anticoagulants.
B.The heparin therapy was ineffective, so the warfarin was started.
C.The heparin provides anticoagulation until therapeutic levels of warfarin are
reached.
D.The heparin and warfarin work together synergistically to provide anticoagulation.
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C
Can Warfarin be used during pregnancy?
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, No, warfarin, unlike heparin, can cross the placenta.
-TERATOGEN
BP and blood volume
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Proportional to blood volume and is regulated by hormones (antidiuretic
hormone, aldosterone, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone - all cause increase
in BP)
MOA ARBS
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- "sartans"
- These drugs block the effect of angiotensin II, a chemical that narrows
blood vessels. By doing so, they help widen blood vessels to allow blood
to flow more easily, which lowers blood pressure. Generally prescribed for
people who cannot tolerate ACE inhibitors.
- Do NOT take with NSAIDS
MOA of betablockers
Give this one a try later!
-non selective beta blockers bind to both B1 (found in the heart)
and B2 receptors (found in bronchioles of lungs and in arteries of the
skeletal muscle
-So, SNS is fight or flight- if stimulated b1= >HR, >heart's strength of
Give this one a try later!
Beta Blockers
-acebutolol, atenolol, bisoprolol, metoprolol, nadolol and propranolol.
Path of blood flow
,Give this one a try later!
- Deoxygenated blood flows into heart from superior vena cava (upper
extremities/head and neck) and inferior vena cava (lower extremities) →
Right atria fills and contracts, tricuspid valve opens, right ventricle fills,
tricuspid valve closes to prevent backflow into right atria → Right ventricle
filled with deoxygenated blood, right ventricle contracts, pulmonary valve
opens and deoxygenated blood pumped into pulmonary-gas exchange in
lungs CO2-o2, pulmonary valve closes to prevent backflow into right
ventricle → Oxygen rich blood returns from the pulmonary vein into the
left atrium of the heart, left atrium fills, contracts and mitral valve opens,
blood pumped into left ventricle, left ventricle is full, mitral valve closes,
left ventricle contracts aortic valve opens, oxygen rich blood pumped into
the aorta to reach all parts of the body, aortic valve closes quickly to
prevent backflow
Atherosclerosis
Give this one a try later!
- specific type of arteriosclerosis differentiated by presence of atheromas
(plaques consisting of lipids, cells, fibrin, and cell debris, that are often with
attached thrombi and form inside the walls of large arteries)
Digoxin MOA
Give this one a try later!
, -used for heart rate control in afib or aflutter or in CHF to improve
contractility of heart muscle
-class of drug is antiarrhythmic
- increases force of heart beat (+inotropy) and decreases heart rate (-
chronotropy) via inhibition of Na-K-ATPase pump.
Tests for hypocalcemia
Give this one a try later!
Chvostek's sign, Trousseau's Sign
A patient is receiving an IV infusion of heparin and was started on warfarin therapy
the night before. Which statement is most correct?
A.The patient is receiving a double dose of anticoagulants.
B.The heparin therapy was ineffective, so the warfarin was started.
C.The heparin provides anticoagulation until therapeutic levels of warfarin are
reached.
D.The heparin and warfarin work together synergistically to provide anticoagulation.
Give this one a try later!
C
Can Warfarin be used during pregnancy?
Give this one a try later!
, No, warfarin, unlike heparin, can cross the placenta.
-TERATOGEN
BP and blood volume
Give this one a try later!
Proportional to blood volume and is regulated by hormones (antidiuretic
hormone, aldosterone, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone - all cause increase
in BP)
MOA ARBS
Give this one a try later!
- "sartans"
- These drugs block the effect of angiotensin II, a chemical that narrows
blood vessels. By doing so, they help widen blood vessels to allow blood
to flow more easily, which lowers blood pressure. Generally prescribed for
people who cannot tolerate ACE inhibitors.
- Do NOT take with NSAIDS
MOA of betablockers
Give this one a try later!
-non selective beta blockers bind to both B1 (found in the heart)
and B2 receptors (found in bronchioles of lungs and in arteries of the
skeletal muscle
-So, SNS is fight or flight- if stimulated b1= >HR, >heart's strength of
