NURS 2750 Health and Healing II Quiz 1
Questions With Complete Solutions
Hypertension
pressure of the blood being pumped through your arteries is
higher than it should be
BP and blood volume
Proportional to blood volume and is regulated by hormones
(antidiuretic hormone, aldosterone, renin-angiotensin-
aldosterone - all cause increase in BP)
BP and blood vessels
vasoconstriction causes an increase in peripheral resistance
(increasing BP), vasodilation causes a decrease in peripheral
resistance (decreases BP)
BP and heart function
- CO = SV x HR -
- CO = among of blood pumped by each ventricle in one minute
- SV = the amount of blood pumped is ejected by each
contraction. Controlled by pre load, contractility, and afterload
- Factors determining CO: venous return, force of contraction,
heart rate
Preload
,stretching the heart, force that stretches the cardiac muscle prior
to contraction
Afterload
Pressure that pushes out the blood from the heart to the
periphery, pressure needed to eject blood during ventricular
contraction
Factors determining CO
- venous return, force of contraction, heart rate
hypertension non modifiable risk factors
Genetic Factors
Age
Family History
Race
hypertension modifiable risk factors
diet, smoking, stress/anxiety, exercise, alcohol intake, certain
medications, vitamin D deficiency
primary hypertension
- Essential hypertension (unknown causes) with the blood
pressure being consistently above 140/90 mm Hg. It is an
increase in arteriolar vasoconstriction
Secondary hypertension
,Results from renal or endocrine diseases, pheochromocytoma
(benign tumor of the adrenal medulla)
Hypoparathyroidism is a result of _______
Hypocalcemia
Hypokalemia S/S
Diarrhea/throwing up/ng tube
-GI losses
Hyperkalemia S/S
Muscle damage/tissue necrosis
If someone has decreased blood volume (bleed, trauma) what iV
fluids should you give if nothing is wrong with
potassium/electrolyte levels0
Isotonic
Hypocalcaemia MSK tests
-Trousseau Sign (arm twerks with BP cuff, hand and finger
spasms during occlusion)
-Chovostek sign (twitching of the face)
What does a positive trousseau and chovostek sign indicate
Hypocalcaemia
Fluid excess (edema)
, - localized swelling (feet, hands), pale grey/red skin color, slow
bounding pulses, high BP, lethargy, pulmonary congestion,
cough
Fluid deficit (dehydration)
- sunken, soft eyes, decreased skin turgor, dry mucous
membranes, thirst, weight loss, rapid weak thready pulse, low
BP, orthostatic hypotension, fatigue/weakness, increased body
temperature
PAD
- Blood cannot get pushed away into the legs. What does it look
like? ARTS- Absence of pulses and hairless/cool legs, round red
sores, toes and feet pale, sharp calf pain. What to do? Hang
feet/legs off the bed
PVD
- Pools of fluid in the legs (narrowed vessels). What does it look
like? VEINY - Voluptuous pulses, edema, irregularly shaped
sores, no sharp pain, yellow and brown ankles. What to do?
Elevate the legs
DVT
- Deep vein thrombosis - blood clot in deep veins, usually in one
leg. S/S = COWS: calf pain and cramping, one sided swelling,
warm and red, shortness of breath and chest pain = progressed to
Questions With Complete Solutions
Hypertension
pressure of the blood being pumped through your arteries is
higher than it should be
BP and blood volume
Proportional to blood volume and is regulated by hormones
(antidiuretic hormone, aldosterone, renin-angiotensin-
aldosterone - all cause increase in BP)
BP and blood vessels
vasoconstriction causes an increase in peripheral resistance
(increasing BP), vasodilation causes a decrease in peripheral
resistance (decreases BP)
BP and heart function
- CO = SV x HR -
- CO = among of blood pumped by each ventricle in one minute
- SV = the amount of blood pumped is ejected by each
contraction. Controlled by pre load, contractility, and afterload
- Factors determining CO: venous return, force of contraction,
heart rate
Preload
,stretching the heart, force that stretches the cardiac muscle prior
to contraction
Afterload
Pressure that pushes out the blood from the heart to the
periphery, pressure needed to eject blood during ventricular
contraction
Factors determining CO
- venous return, force of contraction, heart rate
hypertension non modifiable risk factors
Genetic Factors
Age
Family History
Race
hypertension modifiable risk factors
diet, smoking, stress/anxiety, exercise, alcohol intake, certain
medications, vitamin D deficiency
primary hypertension
- Essential hypertension (unknown causes) with the blood
pressure being consistently above 140/90 mm Hg. It is an
increase in arteriolar vasoconstriction
Secondary hypertension
,Results from renal or endocrine diseases, pheochromocytoma
(benign tumor of the adrenal medulla)
Hypoparathyroidism is a result of _______
Hypocalcemia
Hypokalemia S/S
Diarrhea/throwing up/ng tube
-GI losses
Hyperkalemia S/S
Muscle damage/tissue necrosis
If someone has decreased blood volume (bleed, trauma) what iV
fluids should you give if nothing is wrong with
potassium/electrolyte levels0
Isotonic
Hypocalcaemia MSK tests
-Trousseau Sign (arm twerks with BP cuff, hand and finger
spasms during occlusion)
-Chovostek sign (twitching of the face)
What does a positive trousseau and chovostek sign indicate
Hypocalcaemia
Fluid excess (edema)
, - localized swelling (feet, hands), pale grey/red skin color, slow
bounding pulses, high BP, lethargy, pulmonary congestion,
cough
Fluid deficit (dehydration)
- sunken, soft eyes, decreased skin turgor, dry mucous
membranes, thirst, weight loss, rapid weak thready pulse, low
BP, orthostatic hypotension, fatigue/weakness, increased body
temperature
PAD
- Blood cannot get pushed away into the legs. What does it look
like? ARTS- Absence of pulses and hairless/cool legs, round red
sores, toes and feet pale, sharp calf pain. What to do? Hang
feet/legs off the bed
PVD
- Pools of fluid in the legs (narrowed vessels). What does it look
like? VEINY - Voluptuous pulses, edema, irregularly shaped
sores, no sharp pain, yellow and brown ankles. What to do?
Elevate the legs
DVT
- Deep vein thrombosis - blood clot in deep veins, usually in one
leg. S/S = COWS: calf pain and cramping, one sided swelling,
warm and red, shortness of breath and chest pain = progressed to
