PHARM II: Chapter 20: Antianxiety Drugs Study Guide

anxiety - feelings of aprehension, worry, or uneasieness anxiolytics - drugs used to treat anxiety ataxia - unsteady gait; muscular incoordination gamma (y)-aminobutyric acid (GABA) - a neurotransmitter inhibitor that is involved in the regulation of sleep and anxiety physical dependence - habitual use of a drug, where negative physical withdrawal symptoms result from abrupt discontinuation posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) - a mental health condition triggered by a terrifying event psychological dependence - compulsion or craving to use a substance to obtain a pleasurable experience tolerance - increasingly larger doses of a drug are required to obtain the desired effect alprzolam brand name - Xanax clonazepam brand name - Klonopin diazepam brand name - Valium lorazepam brand name - Ativan Benzodiazepines enhance which neurotransmitter - GABA Alprazolam (Xanax) is contraindicated in clients with - glaucoma Which drug is a schedule 4 drug - chlordiazepoxide What is a sign of drug withdrawal and not an adverse reaction - metallic taste The benzodiazepines are pregnancy category D drugs that should not be taken while lactating because the newborn may become - lethargic and lose weight what condition is best treated with benzodiazepines - presurgical apprehension a family member calls the nure to report that the client taking an antianxiety medication is hypotensive. the nurse instructs the family member to - have the client rise more slowly from a lying or sitting position antianxiety medications are used cautiously in older adults due to the - reduced elimination, making it build up in the circulation describe the feelings of anxiety - apprehension, panic, uneasiness, worry, jitters anxiety is a feeling of apprehension, worry, or uneasiness that may or may not be - based on reality drugs used to treat anxiety are called - antianxiety drugs or anxiolytics antianxiety drug classes include - bezodiazepines and nonbezodiazepines examples of bezodiazepines include - alprazolam (Xanax), chlordiazepoxide (Librium), diazepam (Valium), and lorazepam (Ativan) long-term use of bezodiazepines can result in - physical or psychological dependence due to the risk of dependence, bezodiazepines are used for _________________ anxiety relief - short-term typically, long-term psychiatric anxiety disorders such as _____________ are treated with antidepressant medications - PTSD the nonbezodiazepines useful in reducing anxiety include - busiprone, doxepin, and hydroxyzine anxiolytic drugs exert their tranquilizing effect by ____________________, this prevents the neurotransmission of the anxious perception and the body's physical reaction to the anxiety - blocking certain neurotransmitter receptor sites anxiolytic drugs exert their tranquilizing effect by blocking certain neurotransmitter receptor sites , this prevents the - neurotransmission of the anxious perception and the body's physical reaction to the anxiety benzodiazepines exert their tranquilizing effect by potentiating the effects of ____________, an inhibitory transmitter - gamma (y)-aminobutyric acid (GABA) busiprone, a nonbenzodiazepine, is thought to act on. - the brain's serotonin receptors hydroxyzine (Visitaril), a nonbenzodiazepine, produces its anxiety effect by - acting on the hypothalamus and brainstem reticular formation antianxiety drugs are used in management of - anxiety disorders and panic attacks, preanesthetic sedation and muscle relaxation, convulsions or seizures, and alcohol withdrawal frequent, early reactions from antianxiety drugs include - mild drowsiness or sedation, lightheadedness or dizziness, and headaches adverse reactions from antianxiety drugs include - lethargy, apathy, fatigue, disorientation, anger, restlessness, nausea, constipation or diarrhea, dry mouth, and visual disturbances long-term use of benzodiazepines may result in - physical dependence and tolerance withdrawal symptoms of benzodiazepines have occurred when the drug is stopped after as few as ________________ of therapy - 4 to 6 weeks withdrawal symptoms are more likely to occur when the benzodiazepine is taken for ____________ and is abruptly discontinued - 3 months or more antianxiety drugs must never be - discontinued abruptly symptoms of benzodiazepine withdrawal include - increased anxiety, concentration difficulties, tremor, and sensory disturbances such as paresthesias, photophobia, hypersomnia, and metallic taste onset of withdrawal symptoms usually occur within ___________ of discontinuing the antianxiey drugs - 1-10 days withdrawal symptoms usually last from - 5 days to 1 month the nonbenzodiazepine antianxiety drug buspirone is associated with - less physical dependence potential and less effect on motor ability and cognition do not administer antianxiety drugs to patients with - known hypersensitivity, psychoses, and acute narrow-angle glaucoma benzodiazepines are contraindicated during - pregnancy (category D) and labor reports of _________________ have been seen in the newborn when benzodiazepines are taken while pregnant - floppy infant syndrome manifested by sucking difficulties, lethargy, and hypotonia due to a specific enzyme reaction, ________________ should not be tale if the patient is on busiprone and diazepam - grapefruit or grapefruit juice busiprone is a pregnancy category ____ drug - B hydroxyzine is a pregnancy category ____ drug - C all antianxiety drugs are contraindicated when patients are - in a coma or shock, and if the vital signs of the patient in acute alcoholic intoxication are low antianxiety drugs are used cautiously in elderly patients and in patients with - impaired liver function, impaired kidney function, or debilitation