TEST BANK - American Government: Political Development and Institutional Change 12th Edition by Cal Jillson, All Chapters 1 - 16, Complete Latest Version

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SOLUTION MANUAL
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American Government: Political
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Development and Institutional Change
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12thEditionbyCalJillson,AllChapters1-16
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TABLE vOF vCONTENTS

1. Chapter v1 vThe vOrigins vof vAmerican vPolitical vPrinciples

2. Chapter v2 vThe vRevolution vand vthe vConstitution

3. Chapter v3 vFederalism vand vAmerican vPolitical vDevelopment

4. Chapter v4 vPolitical vSocialization vand vPublic vOpinion

5. Chapter v5 vThe vMass vMedia vand vthe vPolitical vAgenda

6. Chapter v6 vInterest vGroups: vThe vPolitics vof vInfluence

7. Chapter v7 vPolitical vParties: vWinning vthe vRight vto vGovern

8. Chapter v8 vVoting, vCampaigns, vand vElections

9. Chapter v9 vCongress: vPartisanship, vPolarization, vand vGridlock

10. Chapter v10 vThe vPresident: vExecutive vPower vin va vSeparation vof vPowers vRegime

11. Chapter v11 vBureaucracy: vRedesigning vGovernment vfor vthe vTwenty-First vCentury

12. Chapter v12 vThe vFederal vCourts: vActivism vversus vRestraint

13. Chapter v13 vCivil vLiberties: vOrdered vLiberty vin vAmerica

14. Chapter v14 vCivil vRights: vWhere vLiberty vand vEquality vCollide

15. Chapter v15 vGovernment, vThe vEconomy, vand vDomestic vPolicy

16. Chapter v16 vAmerica’s vGlobal vRole vin vthe vTwenty-First vCentury

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Chapter v1
THE vORIGINS vOF vAMERICAN vPOLITICAL vPRINCIPLES

FOCUS vQUESTIONS

Q1 What vare vthe vbroad vpurposes vof vgovernment?

A1 The vancients vbelieved vthe vrole vof vgovernment vand vpolitics vwas vto vfoster vhuman
v excellence. vHowever, vit vis vimperative vto vremember vthat vthe vGreeks vand vRomans

v believed vthe vvirtuous vshould vrule vaccording vto vnatural vlaw. vFurthermore,

vvaluesof v equality vand vorder vwould vbe vserved vthrough va vsociety vbased vupon

vthe vrule voflaw vto v provide vfor vthe vcommon vgood. vIn vthe vMiddle vAges,

vgovernment vwas v largely vused v to vfacilitate vreligion vand vmaintained vthe vneed

vfor vthe vindividual vto v live va vproper vlife v in vthe vservice vof vGod. vThe vrole vof

vgovernment vchanged vin vthe v early vsixteenth v century vby vdownplaying vthe vrole vof

vreligion vwhile valternatively v promoting vthe vrole v of vlimited vgovernment vto vprotect

vprivate vproperty vand v individual vrights.




Q2 How vshould vgovernment vbe vdesigned vto vachieve vits vpurposes?

A2 According vto vPlato vthe vphilosopher-king’s vwisdom vand vintellect vwould vpromote
v order, vstability vand vjustice. vYet, vAristotle vtakes va vmore vrealistic vview vof vAthenian

v society vby vadvocating vthe vbest vform vof vgovernment vas va vpolity, vwhich vcombined

v oligarchic vand vdemocratic velements vto vproduce vpolitical vstability. vThe vRomans

v combined vmonarchical, varistocratic, vand vdemocratic vprinciples vas va vmixed

v government vwithin vrepresentative vbodies vlike vthe vSenate vand vthe vAssembly vin

v order v to vchampion vthe vcauses vof vboth vthe vrich vand vthe vpoor. vGovernment vin

vtheMiddle v Ages vwas vdetermined vthrough vdivine vright, vwhereby va vmonarch vor

vPope v was v ordained vby vGod vto vrule. vHence, vwisdom vand vvirtue vrested vwithin

vthese vfew v individuals vwho vgoverned vto vpromote vreligious vlife vand vprotect vthe

vreligious v establishment. vThe vRenaissance, vProtestant vReformation, vand

vEnlightenment v Periods vshifted vthe vrole vof vgovernment vfrom vupholding vreligious

vdoctrine vto v secular v concerns, vsuch vas vprotecting vinalienable vrights, vincluding

vprivate v property, vand v promoting vcommerce. vIn vturn, vEnlightenment vpolitical




© v2023 vTaylor v& vFrancis

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philosophers vlargely vappealed vto vindividualism vand vnot vreligious vhierarchy vas
vameans v to vprovide vorder vand vstability vin vwhich vindividuals vcould vflourish.




Q3 What vlessons vabout vgovernment vdid vcolonial vAmericans vdraw vfrom vthe vhistory
vofancient vGreece v and v Rome?




A3 Plato vwas vsuspicious vof vdemocracy’s vrule vof vthe vmany vbecause vgood vgovernment
v would vdecay vinto vmob vrule. vHence, vthe vpassions vof vthe vmasses vneeded vto vbe

v quelled v by vmore varistocratic velements. vWith vthis vproblem vin vmind, vthe vFramers

vofthe vU.S. v Constitution vreferenced vthe vinstitutional vdesign vof vthe vRoman vrepublic

vadhered vto v the vtradition vof vmixed vgovernment vinitially vexpounded vby vAristotle

v and vthe vRomans. v This vwas vmaintained vin vthe vindirect vselection vof vboth vthe

vSenateand vthe vpresidency v within vthe vConstitution. vAristotle valso vadvocated

vmixing v aristocratic vand vdemocratic v elements vin va vgoverning vstructure vcalled va

vpolity. vIn veffect, vthis vgovernmental vdesign v allowed vthe vfew vand vthe vmany vto

vparticipate vin vthe vpolitics vproviding van vorderly v society vwhere vthe vpoor vshould vbe

vable vto vselect v government vofficials vwho vwere vheld v accountable. vThis vwas valso

vmade vmanifest vinthe vConstitution vwith vits varistocratic-like v Senate vand vthe vmore

vdemocratic vHouse v of vRepresentatives. vThus vthe vAmerican v republic’s vConstitution

vestablished v institutional vpowers vto vgovern vaccording vto vthe v rule vof vlaw. vWhile

vthe vFramers vrejected vthe vreligious vhierarchy vof vthe vMiddle vAges, v they vappealed

vto vinalienable vrights vendowed vupon vevery vindividual vby vGod, vper vthe v writings vof

vJohn vLocke, vin vwhich va vjust vgovernment vand vsociety vcould vnot vbe v impeded.




Q4 What vcircumstances vled vEuropeans vto vleave vtheir vhomelands vto vsettle vin vAmerica?

A4 Individuals vimmigrated vto vthe vcolonies vto vescape vreligious vpersecution vand vcivil
v unrest vafter vthe vEnglish vCivil vWar vand vto vpursue vsocial vand veconomic

v opportunities. v Colonists venjoyed va vvast varray vof vnatural vresources vand va vlarge

v geographical varea v where vfreedom vof vreligion vand veconomic vopportunity

v flourished. vAlso, vtheir v heterogeneous vsocial vcomposition vas vwell vas vcontinual

v promotion vof videals, vsuch vas v equality vand vtolerance, vtended vto vpromote vpolitical

vfreedom vat vthe vsame vtime vthat v social vexpansion vof vthe vpopulation vwas voccurring.




Q5 What vdid vdemocracy vmean vto vour vcolonial vancestors, vand vdid vthey vapprove vit?

A5 The vcolonists vwere vskeptical vof vdemocracy vand vviewed vthis vtype vof vgoverning
v authority vas vmob vrule. vSociety vwas vlargely vseen vas vsegmented vinto vthose vwho

v should v rule vand vthose vwho vshould vnot. vIn vfact, vthe vFounders vbelieved vthat vthe

v elite v(well- v educated, vland vowners) vshould voccupy vpositions vof vleadership. vThus,

v an varistocratic v element vwithin vgovernment vwas vnecessary vto vprotect vagainst

vthethreat vof vmob vrule v historically vassociated vwith vdemocracy. vFundamentally,

vthe videa vof vrepublicanism v was vpromoted vas van videal vat va vhigher vlevel vthan

v democracy. vThis vwas vmade vmost v manifest vin vthe vtendency vto vprefer vmixed




© v2023 vTaylor v&
vFrancis