NU-126: Module 1 (Fluid and Electrolytes)
questions with verified answers
- body attempts to correct blood pH changes
- respiratory compensation
- kidney compensation Ans✓✓✓ compensation
- can be both isotonic and hypotonic
- 1/3 is extracellular, 2/3 is intracellular
- given to supply water and correct increases in serum osmolarity
- use caution in patients with increased intracranial pressure due to
hyperglycemic effects
- 1 L provides 170 kcal (a minor source of the body's daily requirement)
Ans✓✓✓ D5W
- causes
- risk factors
- clinical cues
- laboratory data Ans✓✓✓ assessment: recognize cues (dehydration)
- chloride
- bicarbonate
- phosphate
,- sulfate
- proteinate ions Ans✓✓✓ major anions:
- contains potassium and calcium in addition to sodium chloride
- used to correct dehydration and sodium depletion
- also used to replace GI losses Ans✓✓✓ lactated ringer's (LR)
- contains water, salt, and chloride
- remains in the ECF
- used to correct extracellular deficits, in the administration of blood,
and to replace large sodium loss (burn injuries)
- should not be used with CHF, pulmonary edema, renal impairment, or
sodium retention
- doesn't have any calories Ans✓✓✓ normal saline
- D5W
- normal saline
- lactated ringer's Ans✓✓✓ types of IV solutions: isotonic fluids
- diabetes insipidus
- adrenal insufficiency
- osmotic diuresis
- hemorrhage
,- coma
- third-space shifts (burns and ascites) Ans✓✓✓ risk factors -
dehydration
- dietary intake of fluid, food, or enteral feeding
- parenteral fluids Ans✓✓✓ routes of gains
- drug therapy: diuretics such as Lasix, or for those with syndrome of
inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SAIDH), Conivaptan may be
prescribed
- nutrition therapy: fluid and sodium restrictions Ans✓✓✓ medical
management: hypervolemia
- due to decrease in BP
- also could be due to muscle weakness/cramping Ans✓✓✓ potential
for injury (dehydration):
- edema
- distended neck veins
- abnormal lung sounds (crackles)
- tachycardia
- increased blood pressure, pulse pressure, and CVP
- increased weight
, - increased urine output
- shortness of breath
- wheezing Ans✓✓✓ clinical cues - hypervolemia
- elevated BUN in relation to serum creatinine
- increased hematocrit Ans✓✓✓ laboratory data - dehydration
- excess fluid intake
- inadequate excretion of fluids out Ans✓✓✓ causes - hypervolemia
- excessive dietary sodium
- sodium-containing iv solutions Ans✓✓✓ contributing factors -
hypervolemia
- excessive loss of CO2 through hyperventilation
- hallmark = ABG result with an elevated pH coupled with a low carbon
dioxide level
- high pH > 7.45
- PaCO2 < 35 mmHg Ans✓✓✓ respiratory alkalosis
- fluid loss
- inadequate fluid intake Ans✓✓✓ poor perfusion due to?
(dehydration)
questions with verified answers
- body attempts to correct blood pH changes
- respiratory compensation
- kidney compensation Ans✓✓✓ compensation
- can be both isotonic and hypotonic
- 1/3 is extracellular, 2/3 is intracellular
- given to supply water and correct increases in serum osmolarity
- use caution in patients with increased intracranial pressure due to
hyperglycemic effects
- 1 L provides 170 kcal (a minor source of the body's daily requirement)
Ans✓✓✓ D5W
- causes
- risk factors
- clinical cues
- laboratory data Ans✓✓✓ assessment: recognize cues (dehydration)
- chloride
- bicarbonate
- phosphate
,- sulfate
- proteinate ions Ans✓✓✓ major anions:
- contains potassium and calcium in addition to sodium chloride
- used to correct dehydration and sodium depletion
- also used to replace GI losses Ans✓✓✓ lactated ringer's (LR)
- contains water, salt, and chloride
- remains in the ECF
- used to correct extracellular deficits, in the administration of blood,
and to replace large sodium loss (burn injuries)
- should not be used with CHF, pulmonary edema, renal impairment, or
sodium retention
- doesn't have any calories Ans✓✓✓ normal saline
- D5W
- normal saline
- lactated ringer's Ans✓✓✓ types of IV solutions: isotonic fluids
- diabetes insipidus
- adrenal insufficiency
- osmotic diuresis
- hemorrhage
,- coma
- third-space shifts (burns and ascites) Ans✓✓✓ risk factors -
dehydration
- dietary intake of fluid, food, or enteral feeding
- parenteral fluids Ans✓✓✓ routes of gains
- drug therapy: diuretics such as Lasix, or for those with syndrome of
inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SAIDH), Conivaptan may be
prescribed
- nutrition therapy: fluid and sodium restrictions Ans✓✓✓ medical
management: hypervolemia
- due to decrease in BP
- also could be due to muscle weakness/cramping Ans✓✓✓ potential
for injury (dehydration):
- edema
- distended neck veins
- abnormal lung sounds (crackles)
- tachycardia
- increased blood pressure, pulse pressure, and CVP
- increased weight
, - increased urine output
- shortness of breath
- wheezing Ans✓✓✓ clinical cues - hypervolemia
- elevated BUN in relation to serum creatinine
- increased hematocrit Ans✓✓✓ laboratory data - dehydration
- excess fluid intake
- inadequate excretion of fluids out Ans✓✓✓ causes - hypervolemia
- excessive dietary sodium
- sodium-containing iv solutions Ans✓✓✓ contributing factors -
hypervolemia
- excessive loss of CO2 through hyperventilation
- hallmark = ABG result with an elevated pH coupled with a low carbon
dioxide level
- high pH > 7.45
- PaCO2 < 35 mmHg Ans✓✓✓ respiratory alkalosis
- fluid loss
- inadequate fluid intake Ans✓✓✓ poor perfusion due to?
(dehydration)
