PNUR126 WEEK 1-8 questions with verified
answers
2 commonly performed tests to assess cognitive decline are: Ans✓✓✓
- Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)
- Mini Mental Status Exam (MMSE)
3 types of hearing loss Ans✓✓✓ Conductive, Sensorineural
(perceptive), and Mixed loss
4 Types of Databases Ans✓✓✓ - Complete (total health) database
- Episodic or problem centered database
- Follow up database
- Emergency database
6 Levels of Consciousness Ans✓✓✓ - Alert
- Lethargic
- Obtunded
- Stupor or Semicoma
- Coma
- Acute Confusional State (delirum)
Abnormalities in the Eyelids Ans✓✓✓ - Periorbital edema
,- Exophthalmos (protruding eyes)
- Enophthalmos (sunken eyes)
- Ptosis (drooping upper lid)
- Upward palpebral slant
- Ectropion
- Entropion
Abnormalities in the Pupil Ans✓✓✓ - Unequal pupil size (anisocoria)
- Constricted and fixed pupils (miosis)
- Dilated and fixed pupils (mydriasis)
- Cranial nerve III damage
Addison's disease Ans✓✓✓ Increased melanin production stimulated
by cortisol deficiency
Albinism Ans✓✓✓ Total absence of pigment melanin throughout the
integument
Anemia Ans✓✓✓ Decreased hematocrit
Anterior Chest: Auscultate Ans✓✓✓ - Area: lung fields over anterior
chest (apices in supraclavicular areas - down to 6th rib)
,- Progress from side to side while moving downward; listening to one
full respiration
- use same sequence as percussion
- do not place stethoscope directly on breast tissue (displace on side)
Note: normal breath sounds - abnormal breath sounds + adventitious
sounds
Anterior Chest: Inspect - Facial Expression Ans✓✓✓ Should be relaxed
and benign, indicating unconscious effort of breathing
Anterior Chest: Inspect - Level of Consciousness Ans✓✓✓ Pt should be
alert and cooperative
Anterior Chest: Inspect - Quality of Respirations Ans✓✓✓ - Normal
relaxed breathing is automatic and effortless, regular and even, and
produces no noise
- Chest expands symmetrically with each inspiration
- Note any lag on inspiration
- Respiratory rate = 10-20
Anterior Chest: Inspect - Shape & Configuration Ans✓✓✓ - Ribs are
sloping downward with symmetrical interspaces
- Costal angle is within 90 degrees
, - Development of abdominal muscles is as expected for the pt's age,
weight, and athletic condition
Anterior Chest: Inspect - Skin Colour/Condition Ans✓✓✓ - Lips and nail
beds are free of cyanosis or unusual pallor
- Nails are of normal configuration
- Note any skin lesions
Anterior Chest: Palpate - Chest wall Ans✓✓✓ - Tenderness (normally
none is present) and to detect any superficial lumps or masses (again,
normally none is present)
Note: skin mobility and turgor, and note skin temperature and moisture
Anterior Chest: Palpate - Symmetrical chest expansion Ans✓✓✓ - Place
your hands on the anterolateral wall with the thumbs along the costal
margins and pointing toward the xiphoid process.
- Ask the patient to take a deep breath
- Watch your thumbs move apart symmetrically, and note smooth chest
expansion with your fingers
- Any limitation in thoracic expansion is easier to detect on the anterior
chest because the range of motion is greater with breathing
Anterior Chest: Palpate - Tactile (vocal) fremitus Ans✓✓✓ - Palpating
over the lung apices in the supraclavicular areas
answers
2 commonly performed tests to assess cognitive decline are: Ans✓✓✓
- Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)
- Mini Mental Status Exam (MMSE)
3 types of hearing loss Ans✓✓✓ Conductive, Sensorineural
(perceptive), and Mixed loss
4 Types of Databases Ans✓✓✓ - Complete (total health) database
- Episodic or problem centered database
- Follow up database
- Emergency database
6 Levels of Consciousness Ans✓✓✓ - Alert
- Lethargic
- Obtunded
- Stupor or Semicoma
- Coma
- Acute Confusional State (delirum)
Abnormalities in the Eyelids Ans✓✓✓ - Periorbital edema
,- Exophthalmos (protruding eyes)
- Enophthalmos (sunken eyes)
- Ptosis (drooping upper lid)
- Upward palpebral slant
- Ectropion
- Entropion
Abnormalities in the Pupil Ans✓✓✓ - Unequal pupil size (anisocoria)
- Constricted and fixed pupils (miosis)
- Dilated and fixed pupils (mydriasis)
- Cranial nerve III damage
Addison's disease Ans✓✓✓ Increased melanin production stimulated
by cortisol deficiency
Albinism Ans✓✓✓ Total absence of pigment melanin throughout the
integument
Anemia Ans✓✓✓ Decreased hematocrit
Anterior Chest: Auscultate Ans✓✓✓ - Area: lung fields over anterior
chest (apices in supraclavicular areas - down to 6th rib)
,- Progress from side to side while moving downward; listening to one
full respiration
- use same sequence as percussion
- do not place stethoscope directly on breast tissue (displace on side)
Note: normal breath sounds - abnormal breath sounds + adventitious
sounds
Anterior Chest: Inspect - Facial Expression Ans✓✓✓ Should be relaxed
and benign, indicating unconscious effort of breathing
Anterior Chest: Inspect - Level of Consciousness Ans✓✓✓ Pt should be
alert and cooperative
Anterior Chest: Inspect - Quality of Respirations Ans✓✓✓ - Normal
relaxed breathing is automatic and effortless, regular and even, and
produces no noise
- Chest expands symmetrically with each inspiration
- Note any lag on inspiration
- Respiratory rate = 10-20
Anterior Chest: Inspect - Shape & Configuration Ans✓✓✓ - Ribs are
sloping downward with symmetrical interspaces
- Costal angle is within 90 degrees
, - Development of abdominal muscles is as expected for the pt's age,
weight, and athletic condition
Anterior Chest: Inspect - Skin Colour/Condition Ans✓✓✓ - Lips and nail
beds are free of cyanosis or unusual pallor
- Nails are of normal configuration
- Note any skin lesions
Anterior Chest: Palpate - Chest wall Ans✓✓✓ - Tenderness (normally
none is present) and to detect any superficial lumps or masses (again,
normally none is present)
Note: skin mobility and turgor, and note skin temperature and moisture
Anterior Chest: Palpate - Symmetrical chest expansion Ans✓✓✓ - Place
your hands on the anterolateral wall with the thumbs along the costal
margins and pointing toward the xiphoid process.
- Ask the patient to take a deep breath
- Watch your thumbs move apart symmetrically, and note smooth chest
expansion with your fingers
- Any limitation in thoracic expansion is easier to detect on the anterior
chest because the range of motion is greater with breathing
Anterior Chest: Palpate - Tactile (vocal) fremitus Ans✓✓✓ - Palpating
over the lung apices in the supraclavicular areas
