NURS 100 – Assessment 4 – Pharmacology and Medication Administration Review Guide
Absorption: - correct answer The process by which nutrient molecules pass through the wall of
the digestive system into the blood
Enteric-coated tablets - correct answer designed to dissolve in the alkaline environment of the
small intestine
Factors theat influence absorption: - correct answer THE ROUTE OF ADMINISTRATION, ABILITY
OF THE MEDICATION TO DISSOLVE, BLOOD FLOW TO THE SITE OF ADMINISTRATION, BODY
SURFACE AREA (BSA), AND LIPID SOLUBILITY OF MEDICATION
Adverse Effects: - correct answer ARE UNINTENDED, UNDESIRABLE RESPONSES TO
MEDICATION.
Anaphylatic Reaction - correct answer ARE LIFE THREATENING. SUDDEN CONSTRICTION OF
BRONCHIOLAR MUSCLES, EDEMA OF THE PHARYNX AND LARYNX, AND SEVERE WHEEZING AND
SOB.
Allergic Effect - correct answer an immune system response to a drug that occurs when the
body interprets the drug as a foreign substance and makes antibodies against the drug and
typically occurs after a drug has already been introduced to the body. Symptoms range from
mild to severe and can result in an immediate reaction or a delayed reaction.
Drug Tolerance - correct answer occurs because the body has adapted to the effects of a drug
over a period of time and results in needing a larger dose of the drug to reach the desired
effects.
Biological Half/Life: - correct answer THE TIME IT TAKES FOR EXCRETION PROCESSES TO LOWER
THE AMOUNT OF UNCHANGED MEDICATION BY HALF. IT DOES NOT CHANGE, NO MATTER
HOW MUCH MEDICATION IS GIVEN.
Biotransformation - correct answer OCCURS UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF ENZYMES THAT
DETOXIFY AND REMOVE BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE CHEMICALS. MOST IN LIVER.
Buccal: - correct answer INVOLVES PLACING THE SOLID MEDICATION IN THE MOUTH AGAINS
THE MUCOUS MEMBRANES OF THE CHEEK UNTIL DISSOLVES.
Detoxify - correct answer break down, and remove biologically active chemicals
Idiosyncratic Reaction: - correct answer OVERREACTS OR UNDERREACTS TO A MEDICATION OR
HAS A REACTION DIFFERENT FROM NORMAL.
Infusions: - correct answer INTRODUCTION OF FLUID INTO THE VEIN; GIVING INTRAVENOUS
FLUID OVER TIME. THE PEAK CONCENTRATION OCCURS QUICKLY, BUT THE SERUM LEVEL ALSO
BEGINS TO FALL IMMEDIATELY.
,NURS 100 – Assessment 4 – Pharmacology and Medication Administration Review Guide
Injection - correct answer PARENTERAL ADMINISTRATION OF MEDICATION. PRODUCES THE
MOST RAPID ABSORPTION BECAUSE MEDICATIONS ARE IMMEDIATELY AVAILABLE WHEN THEY
ENTER THE SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION.
Four major sites of infection - correct answer SUBCUTANEOUS
INTRAMUSCULAR
INTRAVENOUS
INTRADERMAL
Instillation: - correct answer TO CAUSE TO ENTER DROP BY DROP OR VERY SLOWLY.
Intraarticular - correct answer AN INJECTION OF A MEDICATION INTO A JOINT.
Intracardiac - correct answer AN INJECTION OF A MEDICATION DIRECTLY INTO CARDIAC TISSUE.
Intradermal (ID) - correct answer INJECTION INTO THE DERMIS JUST UNDER THE EPIDERMIS
Intramuscular (IM) - correct answer INJECTION INTO A MUSCLE
Intraocular - correct answer MEDICATION DELIVERY WHICH INVOLVES INSERTING A
MEDICATION SIMILAR TO A CONTACT LENS INTO THE PATIENTS EYE.
Intravenous (IV) - correct answer INJECTION INTO A VEIN
Irrigations - correct answer PROCESS OF WASHING OUT A BODY CAVITY OR WOUNDED AREA
WITH A STREAM OF FLUID.
Medication Allergy - correct answer ADVERSE REACTION SUCH AS RASH, CHILLS, OR GI
DISTURBANCES TO A MEDICATION. SYMPTOMS VARY.
Medication Error - correct answer CAN CAUSE OR LEAD TO INAPPROPRIATE MEDICATION USE
OR PATIENT HARM. INCLUDE INACCURATE PRECRIBING, ADMINISTERING THE WRONG
MEDICATIO, GIVING THE MEDICATION USING THE WRONG ROUTE OR TIME INTERVAL, AND
ADMINISTERING EXTRA DOSES OR FAILING TO ADMINISTER A MEDICATION.
Medication Interaction - correct answer WHEN ONE MEDICATION MODIFIES THE ACTION OF
ANOTHER. SOME MEDICATIONS INCREASE OR DIMINISH THE ACTION OF OTHERS AND MAY
ALTER THE WAY ANOTHER MEDICATION IS ABSORBED, METABOLIZED, OR ELIMINATED FROM
THE BODY.
Medication Reconcilation - correct answer WHEN A NURSE ADMITS A PATIENT TO A HEALTH
CARE SETTING, HE OR SHE COMPARES THE MEDICATIONS THAT THE PATIENT TOOK IN THE
PREVIOUS SETTING WITH HIS OR HER CURRENT MEDICATION ORDER.
,NURS 100 – Assessment 4 – Pharmacology and Medication Administration Review Guide
Nurse Practice Acts: - correct answer HAVE THE MOST INFLUENCE OVER NURSING PRACTICE BY
DEFINING THE SCOPE OF NURSES PROFESSIONAL FUNCTIONS AND RESPONSIBILITIES MOST ARE
PURPOSEFULLY BROAD SO NURSES PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES ARE NOT LIMITED.
Ophthalmic - correct answer DRUGS GIVEN INTO THE EYE IN THE FORM OF EITHER EYE DROPS
OR OINTMENTS.
Parenteral Administration - correct answer INVOLVES INJECTING A MEDICATION INTO BODY
TISSUE
Standing Order (Routine) - correct answer Carried out until cancelled by another order, or
discharged
PRN Order - correct answer "as needed" order for medication
One time order - correct answer The ordered drug is administered at a specific time/ASAP; ex:
Bicitra 300 mg PO 30 minutes before surgery
Stat order - correct answer Any medication that is needed immediately and is to be given only
once.
Parts of Medication Order - correct answer 1. Patient's name
2. Date and time the order is written
3. Name of drug to be administered
4. Dosage of the drug
5. Route by which the drug is to be administered
6. Frequency of administration of the drug
7. Signature of person writing the order
unit dose distribution system - correct answer a system that provides all or most medications to
patients in a unit dose ready to administer form
Bar Code Medication Administration (BCMA) - correct answer An electronic system of
administering medication that makes use of specific bar code identifiers for each medication
Safety measures while preparing drugs - correct answer Three checks and the rights of
medication administration, maintaining a safe environment, handling controlled substance
safely, identifying patient
Three Checks of Medication Administration - correct answer READ LABEL-When the nurse
reaches for the container or unit dose package-After retrieval from the drawer and compared
with the CMAR, or compared with the CMAR immediately before pouring from a multidose
, NURS 100 – Assessment 4 – Pharmacology and Medication Administration Review Guide
container-Before giving the unit dose medication to the patient or when replacing the multi-
dose container in the drawer or shelf
Peak - correct answer The maximum concentration of a drug in the body after administration,
usually measured in a blood sample for therapeutic drug monitoring.
Pharmacokinetics - correct answer THE STUFY OF HOW MEDICATIONS ENTER THE BODY,
REAACH THEIR SITE OF ACTION, METABOLIZE, AND EXIT THE BODY. USE KNOWLEDGE WHEN
TIMING MEDICATION ADMINISTRATION, SELECTING THE ROUTE OF ADMINISTRATION,
CONSIDERING THE PATIENTS RISK FOR ALTERATION IN MEDICATION ACTION, AND EVALUATING
THE PATIENTS RESPONSE.
Polypharmacy - correct answer HAPPENS WHEN A PATIENT TAKES TWO OR MORE
MEDICATIONS TO TREAT THE SAME ILLNESS, TAKES TWO OR MORE MEDICATION FROM THE
SAME CHEMICAL CLASS, USES TWO OR MORE MEDICATION WITH THE SAME OR SIMILAR
ACTIONS TO TREAT SEVERAL DISORDERS SIMULTANEOUSLY, OR MIXES NUTRITIONAL
SUPPLEMENTS OR HERBAL PRODUCTS WITH MEDICATIONS.
Prescriptions: - correct answer INCLUDES MORE DETAILED INFORMATION THANA REGULAR
ORDER BECAUSE THE PATIENT NEEDS TO UNDERSTAND HOW TO TAKE THE MEDICATION AND
WHEN TO REFILL IN NECESSARY.
Pressurized Metered dose Inhalers - correct answer DELIEVER MEDICATIONS THAT PRODUCE
LOCAL EFFECTS SUCH AS BRONCHODILATION.
Side Effects - correct answer ARE PREDICTABLE AND OFTEN UNAVOIDABLE SECONDARY
EFFECTS PRODUCED AT A USUAL THERAPEUTIC DOSE. THEY ARE EITHER HARMLESS OR CAUSE
INJURY
Solution - correct answer IS A GIVEN MASS OF SOLID SUBSTANCE DISSOLVED IN A KNOWN
VOLUME OF FLUID OR A A GIVEN VOLUME OR LIQUID DISSOLVED IN A KNOWN VOLUME OF
ANOTHER FLUID.
Subcutanous - correct answer INJECTION INTO THE DERMIS JUST UNDER THE EPIDERMIS
Sublingual - correct answer ROUTE OF MEDICATION ADMINISTRATION IN WHICH THE
MEDICATION IS PLACED UNDERNEATH THE PATIENTS TONGUE.
Idiosyncratic Effect - correct answer "Paradoxical effect". Is unusual or peculiar responses to a
drug that results from an overresponse, underresponse, or could also be the opposite of the
expected response. They are related to a patient's individually unique response to a drug and
can be a result from a genetic enzyme deficiency leading to an abnormal breakdown of a drugs.
Drug Interactions - correct answer Occur when one drug a patient is taking interacts with
another drug in the patient's system, a food, or a substance that the patient takes at the same
time as the drug and can be beneficial or dangerous to a patient.
Absorption: - correct answer The process by which nutrient molecules pass through the wall of
the digestive system into the blood
Enteric-coated tablets - correct answer designed to dissolve in the alkaline environment of the
small intestine
Factors theat influence absorption: - correct answer THE ROUTE OF ADMINISTRATION, ABILITY
OF THE MEDICATION TO DISSOLVE, BLOOD FLOW TO THE SITE OF ADMINISTRATION, BODY
SURFACE AREA (BSA), AND LIPID SOLUBILITY OF MEDICATION
Adverse Effects: - correct answer ARE UNINTENDED, UNDESIRABLE RESPONSES TO
MEDICATION.
Anaphylatic Reaction - correct answer ARE LIFE THREATENING. SUDDEN CONSTRICTION OF
BRONCHIOLAR MUSCLES, EDEMA OF THE PHARYNX AND LARYNX, AND SEVERE WHEEZING AND
SOB.
Allergic Effect - correct answer an immune system response to a drug that occurs when the
body interprets the drug as a foreign substance and makes antibodies against the drug and
typically occurs after a drug has already been introduced to the body. Symptoms range from
mild to severe and can result in an immediate reaction or a delayed reaction.
Drug Tolerance - correct answer occurs because the body has adapted to the effects of a drug
over a period of time and results in needing a larger dose of the drug to reach the desired
effects.
Biological Half/Life: - correct answer THE TIME IT TAKES FOR EXCRETION PROCESSES TO LOWER
THE AMOUNT OF UNCHANGED MEDICATION BY HALF. IT DOES NOT CHANGE, NO MATTER
HOW MUCH MEDICATION IS GIVEN.
Biotransformation - correct answer OCCURS UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF ENZYMES THAT
DETOXIFY AND REMOVE BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE CHEMICALS. MOST IN LIVER.
Buccal: - correct answer INVOLVES PLACING THE SOLID MEDICATION IN THE MOUTH AGAINS
THE MUCOUS MEMBRANES OF THE CHEEK UNTIL DISSOLVES.
Detoxify - correct answer break down, and remove biologically active chemicals
Idiosyncratic Reaction: - correct answer OVERREACTS OR UNDERREACTS TO A MEDICATION OR
HAS A REACTION DIFFERENT FROM NORMAL.
Infusions: - correct answer INTRODUCTION OF FLUID INTO THE VEIN; GIVING INTRAVENOUS
FLUID OVER TIME. THE PEAK CONCENTRATION OCCURS QUICKLY, BUT THE SERUM LEVEL ALSO
BEGINS TO FALL IMMEDIATELY.
,NURS 100 – Assessment 4 – Pharmacology and Medication Administration Review Guide
Injection - correct answer PARENTERAL ADMINISTRATION OF MEDICATION. PRODUCES THE
MOST RAPID ABSORPTION BECAUSE MEDICATIONS ARE IMMEDIATELY AVAILABLE WHEN THEY
ENTER THE SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION.
Four major sites of infection - correct answer SUBCUTANEOUS
INTRAMUSCULAR
INTRAVENOUS
INTRADERMAL
Instillation: - correct answer TO CAUSE TO ENTER DROP BY DROP OR VERY SLOWLY.
Intraarticular - correct answer AN INJECTION OF A MEDICATION INTO A JOINT.
Intracardiac - correct answer AN INJECTION OF A MEDICATION DIRECTLY INTO CARDIAC TISSUE.
Intradermal (ID) - correct answer INJECTION INTO THE DERMIS JUST UNDER THE EPIDERMIS
Intramuscular (IM) - correct answer INJECTION INTO A MUSCLE
Intraocular - correct answer MEDICATION DELIVERY WHICH INVOLVES INSERTING A
MEDICATION SIMILAR TO A CONTACT LENS INTO THE PATIENTS EYE.
Intravenous (IV) - correct answer INJECTION INTO A VEIN
Irrigations - correct answer PROCESS OF WASHING OUT A BODY CAVITY OR WOUNDED AREA
WITH A STREAM OF FLUID.
Medication Allergy - correct answer ADVERSE REACTION SUCH AS RASH, CHILLS, OR GI
DISTURBANCES TO A MEDICATION. SYMPTOMS VARY.
Medication Error - correct answer CAN CAUSE OR LEAD TO INAPPROPRIATE MEDICATION USE
OR PATIENT HARM. INCLUDE INACCURATE PRECRIBING, ADMINISTERING THE WRONG
MEDICATIO, GIVING THE MEDICATION USING THE WRONG ROUTE OR TIME INTERVAL, AND
ADMINISTERING EXTRA DOSES OR FAILING TO ADMINISTER A MEDICATION.
Medication Interaction - correct answer WHEN ONE MEDICATION MODIFIES THE ACTION OF
ANOTHER. SOME MEDICATIONS INCREASE OR DIMINISH THE ACTION OF OTHERS AND MAY
ALTER THE WAY ANOTHER MEDICATION IS ABSORBED, METABOLIZED, OR ELIMINATED FROM
THE BODY.
Medication Reconcilation - correct answer WHEN A NURSE ADMITS A PATIENT TO A HEALTH
CARE SETTING, HE OR SHE COMPARES THE MEDICATIONS THAT THE PATIENT TOOK IN THE
PREVIOUS SETTING WITH HIS OR HER CURRENT MEDICATION ORDER.
,NURS 100 – Assessment 4 – Pharmacology and Medication Administration Review Guide
Nurse Practice Acts: - correct answer HAVE THE MOST INFLUENCE OVER NURSING PRACTICE BY
DEFINING THE SCOPE OF NURSES PROFESSIONAL FUNCTIONS AND RESPONSIBILITIES MOST ARE
PURPOSEFULLY BROAD SO NURSES PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES ARE NOT LIMITED.
Ophthalmic - correct answer DRUGS GIVEN INTO THE EYE IN THE FORM OF EITHER EYE DROPS
OR OINTMENTS.
Parenteral Administration - correct answer INVOLVES INJECTING A MEDICATION INTO BODY
TISSUE
Standing Order (Routine) - correct answer Carried out until cancelled by another order, or
discharged
PRN Order - correct answer "as needed" order for medication
One time order - correct answer The ordered drug is administered at a specific time/ASAP; ex:
Bicitra 300 mg PO 30 minutes before surgery
Stat order - correct answer Any medication that is needed immediately and is to be given only
once.
Parts of Medication Order - correct answer 1. Patient's name
2. Date and time the order is written
3. Name of drug to be administered
4. Dosage of the drug
5. Route by which the drug is to be administered
6. Frequency of administration of the drug
7. Signature of person writing the order
unit dose distribution system - correct answer a system that provides all or most medications to
patients in a unit dose ready to administer form
Bar Code Medication Administration (BCMA) - correct answer An electronic system of
administering medication that makes use of specific bar code identifiers for each medication
Safety measures while preparing drugs - correct answer Three checks and the rights of
medication administration, maintaining a safe environment, handling controlled substance
safely, identifying patient
Three Checks of Medication Administration - correct answer READ LABEL-When the nurse
reaches for the container or unit dose package-After retrieval from the drawer and compared
with the CMAR, or compared with the CMAR immediately before pouring from a multidose
, NURS 100 – Assessment 4 – Pharmacology and Medication Administration Review Guide
container-Before giving the unit dose medication to the patient or when replacing the multi-
dose container in the drawer or shelf
Peak - correct answer The maximum concentration of a drug in the body after administration,
usually measured in a blood sample for therapeutic drug monitoring.
Pharmacokinetics - correct answer THE STUFY OF HOW MEDICATIONS ENTER THE BODY,
REAACH THEIR SITE OF ACTION, METABOLIZE, AND EXIT THE BODY. USE KNOWLEDGE WHEN
TIMING MEDICATION ADMINISTRATION, SELECTING THE ROUTE OF ADMINISTRATION,
CONSIDERING THE PATIENTS RISK FOR ALTERATION IN MEDICATION ACTION, AND EVALUATING
THE PATIENTS RESPONSE.
Polypharmacy - correct answer HAPPENS WHEN A PATIENT TAKES TWO OR MORE
MEDICATIONS TO TREAT THE SAME ILLNESS, TAKES TWO OR MORE MEDICATION FROM THE
SAME CHEMICAL CLASS, USES TWO OR MORE MEDICATION WITH THE SAME OR SIMILAR
ACTIONS TO TREAT SEVERAL DISORDERS SIMULTANEOUSLY, OR MIXES NUTRITIONAL
SUPPLEMENTS OR HERBAL PRODUCTS WITH MEDICATIONS.
Prescriptions: - correct answer INCLUDES MORE DETAILED INFORMATION THANA REGULAR
ORDER BECAUSE THE PATIENT NEEDS TO UNDERSTAND HOW TO TAKE THE MEDICATION AND
WHEN TO REFILL IN NECESSARY.
Pressurized Metered dose Inhalers - correct answer DELIEVER MEDICATIONS THAT PRODUCE
LOCAL EFFECTS SUCH AS BRONCHODILATION.
Side Effects - correct answer ARE PREDICTABLE AND OFTEN UNAVOIDABLE SECONDARY
EFFECTS PRODUCED AT A USUAL THERAPEUTIC DOSE. THEY ARE EITHER HARMLESS OR CAUSE
INJURY
Solution - correct answer IS A GIVEN MASS OF SOLID SUBSTANCE DISSOLVED IN A KNOWN
VOLUME OF FLUID OR A A GIVEN VOLUME OR LIQUID DISSOLVED IN A KNOWN VOLUME OF
ANOTHER FLUID.
Subcutanous - correct answer INJECTION INTO THE DERMIS JUST UNDER THE EPIDERMIS
Sublingual - correct answer ROUTE OF MEDICATION ADMINISTRATION IN WHICH THE
MEDICATION IS PLACED UNDERNEATH THE PATIENTS TONGUE.
Idiosyncratic Effect - correct answer "Paradoxical effect". Is unusual or peculiar responses to a
drug that results from an overresponse, underresponse, or could also be the opposite of the
expected response. They are related to a patient's individually unique response to a drug and
can be a result from a genetic enzyme deficiency leading to an abnormal breakdown of a drugs.
Drug Interactions - correct answer Occur when one drug a patient is taking interacts with
another drug in the patient's system, a food, or a substance that the patient takes at the same
time as the drug and can be beneficial or dangerous to a patient.
