OCR Biology A Level Module 2: Foundations
in Biology Exam -Study Guide-With 100%
verified answers
actin - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-Protein forming the contractile microfilaments of the cytoskeleton.
activation energy - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-Energy required for a reaction to start.
active site - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-An area in an enzyme molecule which has a shape complementary to the
shape of a specific substrate molecule.
active transport - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-Movement of particles across a plasma membrane against a
concentration gradient. Requires energy.
adenine - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-A purine, capable of forming two hydrogen bonds.
adhesion - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-When water molecules are attracted to other materials e.g. the sides of a
tube.
ADP - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-A nucleotide comprised of a base, a sugar and two phosphate groups.
,alleles - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-Different forms of a gene
amine group - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-Part of an amino acid molecule comprised of a nitrogen atom and two
hydrogen atoms.
amino acid - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-Monomers of a polypeptide.
amylopectin - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-Unbranched polysaccharide in starch formed from 1-4 and 1-6
glycosidic bonds.
amylose - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-Branched polysaccharide in starch formed from 1-4 glycosidic bonds.
anabolic - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-Chemical reactions required for growth.
anaphase - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-Stage of mitosis in which chromatids are pulled to opposite poles of the
cell by shortening spindle fibres.
anion - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-A negatively charged ion.
anticodon - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-Three bases on a tRNA molecule complementary to three bases on
mRNA.
antiparallel - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-Two strands in DNA, running in opposite directions.
antisense strand - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-In protein synthesis, the strand which acts as a template strand
during transcription. Sometimes called the non-coding strand.
, artefacts - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-Structures produced as part of the preparation process of microscope
slides. Common in electron microscopy.
asexual reproduction - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-Type of reproduction resulting in genetically identical
offspring.
ATP - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-A nucleotide comprised of a base, a sugar and three phosphate groups.
Supplies energy to the cell.
Benedict's reagent - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-Chemical used to test for reducing sugars
betalain - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-Red pigment found in beetroot
bilayer - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-Formed by phospholipids when placed in solution.
Biosensor - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-Devices which use biological components to determine the presence and
concentration of molecules such as glucose.
bonding - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-Joining of two molecules together
bone marrow - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-Part of the body in which red and white blood cells are produced
from adult stem cells.
bulk transport - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-A form of active transport involving molecules which are too large to
move through channel or carrier proteins.
in Biology Exam -Study Guide-With 100%
verified answers
actin - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-Protein forming the contractile microfilaments of the cytoskeleton.
activation energy - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-Energy required for a reaction to start.
active site - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-An area in an enzyme molecule which has a shape complementary to the
shape of a specific substrate molecule.
active transport - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-Movement of particles across a plasma membrane against a
concentration gradient. Requires energy.
adenine - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-A purine, capable of forming two hydrogen bonds.
adhesion - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-When water molecules are attracted to other materials e.g. the sides of a
tube.
ADP - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-A nucleotide comprised of a base, a sugar and two phosphate groups.
,alleles - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-Different forms of a gene
amine group - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-Part of an amino acid molecule comprised of a nitrogen atom and two
hydrogen atoms.
amino acid - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-Monomers of a polypeptide.
amylopectin - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-Unbranched polysaccharide in starch formed from 1-4 and 1-6
glycosidic bonds.
amylose - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-Branched polysaccharide in starch formed from 1-4 glycosidic bonds.
anabolic - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-Chemical reactions required for growth.
anaphase - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-Stage of mitosis in which chromatids are pulled to opposite poles of the
cell by shortening spindle fibres.
anion - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-A negatively charged ion.
anticodon - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-Three bases on a tRNA molecule complementary to three bases on
mRNA.
antiparallel - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-Two strands in DNA, running in opposite directions.
antisense strand - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-In protein synthesis, the strand which acts as a template strand
during transcription. Sometimes called the non-coding strand.
, artefacts - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-Structures produced as part of the preparation process of microscope
slides. Common in electron microscopy.
asexual reproduction - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-Type of reproduction resulting in genetically identical
offspring.
ATP - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-A nucleotide comprised of a base, a sugar and three phosphate groups.
Supplies energy to the cell.
Benedict's reagent - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-Chemical used to test for reducing sugars
betalain - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-Red pigment found in beetroot
bilayer - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-Formed by phospholipids when placed in solution.
Biosensor - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-Devices which use biological components to determine the presence and
concentration of molecules such as glucose.
bonding - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-Joining of two molecules together
bone marrow - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-Part of the body in which red and white blood cells are produced
from adult stem cells.
bulk transport - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-A form of active transport involving molecules which are too large to
move through channel or carrier proteins.
