BPK 305 Midterm 1 correctly answered
to pass
What is the average blood volume? Give a breakdown of its components. - correct answer
✔✔Avg. Blood Volume ~5L
Serum or plasma ~60%
*Serum is what is left when you remove fibrin from plasma
RBC (Erythrocytes, ie. hematocrit) ~40%
WBC (Leukocytes) <5%
Platelets/Thrombocytes <1%
How do you determine a hematocrit? - correct answer ✔✔Hematocrit= Height of RBC's/Total
Height
Approximately what percentage of plasma is composed of water? - correct answer ✔✔92% w/v
What electrolytes constitute the blood plasma? - correct answer ✔✔Na⁺ → 145mM
K⁺ →4-5mM
Ca²⁺→ 2-2.5mM
Mg²⁺→ 1.5mM
H⁺→ pH 7.35-7.45
HCO₃⁻→ 24mM
*Regulated by the Renin Angiotensin system
,What nutrients constitute plasma? - correct answer ✔✔Glucose → 5mM
Lipids → 7.5mM
Cholesterol → 4-7mM
Vitamins → <0.1mM
Free Fatty Acids → 0.4-2mM
(Fuel of choice for the cardiac muscle)
What waste products are carried around in plasma? - correct answer ✔✔Urea
Creatine
Uric Acid
Bilirubin
Name the specific proteins that are present in blood plasma. Approximately how much of the
plasma is composed of proteins? - correct answer ✔✔~7% w/v
Albumin → 4.2g/100mL
*Plays a role in transporting hydrophobic molecules around blood
Globulin → 2.8g/100mL
*Gamma form are antibodies
Fibrinogen → 0.3g/100mL
What gases are present in plasma? - correct answer ✔✔CO₂
O₂
,N₂
Briefly outline the role of Calcitonin and Parathormone. - correct answer ✔✔Calcitonin makes
calcium go into the blood from bone
Parathormone takes calcium out of the blood and puts it back into bone
What are the cellular constituents of blood? - correct answer ✔✔RBC ~5 million/µL
WBC ~7000/µL
Platelets ~250,000/µL
→ Smaller
Total= ~40-45% blood volume
In hematopoiesis, what percentage of pluripotent stem cells become leukocytes and
erythrocytes? - correct answer ✔✔75% of cells produced become Leukocytes
→Lifespan= hours-days
25% cells produced become erythrocytes
→Lifespan 90-120 days
What cytokines regulate hematopoiesis? - correct answer ✔✔Colony Stimulating Factors →
Leukocytes
Erythropoeitin (EPO) → Erythrocytes
Thrombopoeitin (TPO) →Platelets
What is the main role of RBC's? - correct answer ✔✔O₂ transport!
→Requires hemoglobin (Hb)
, →Hb production requires: iron, B12, folic acid
Describe the structure of hemoglobin. - correct answer ✔✔Hb has 4 global subunits
→Each subunit has a heme group
→The heme group contains Fe to which O₂ binds
Hb binds 4 oxygen molecules
→binding is co-operative (important in maintaining a high saturation of oxygen)
→binding of one oxygen molecule facilitates binding of another
Antigens on RBC surface (ex. A, B, Rh
→implicated in transfusion/rejection
List 3 factors that affect RBC hematocrit. - correct answer ✔✔→Lower in women than men
→Higher at altitude (highest recorded is 78%)
→Higher in athletes
What factors regulate hematocrit? - correct answer ✔✔→Oxygen (via EPO)
→Nutritional status
→Menstruation/hemorrhage (↑ fluid content in blood)
→Hormones
→Vitamin B12 complex
→Folic Acid
What is anemia? What are the 4 types? - correct answer ✔✔Anemia= insufficient Hb
→Hypochromic (low Hb in RBC's due to Fe deficiency)
to pass
What is the average blood volume? Give a breakdown of its components. - correct answer
✔✔Avg. Blood Volume ~5L
Serum or plasma ~60%
*Serum is what is left when you remove fibrin from plasma
RBC (Erythrocytes, ie. hematocrit) ~40%
WBC (Leukocytes) <5%
Platelets/Thrombocytes <1%
How do you determine a hematocrit? - correct answer ✔✔Hematocrit= Height of RBC's/Total
Height
Approximately what percentage of plasma is composed of water? - correct answer ✔✔92% w/v
What electrolytes constitute the blood plasma? - correct answer ✔✔Na⁺ → 145mM
K⁺ →4-5mM
Ca²⁺→ 2-2.5mM
Mg²⁺→ 1.5mM
H⁺→ pH 7.35-7.45
HCO₃⁻→ 24mM
*Regulated by the Renin Angiotensin system
,What nutrients constitute plasma? - correct answer ✔✔Glucose → 5mM
Lipids → 7.5mM
Cholesterol → 4-7mM
Vitamins → <0.1mM
Free Fatty Acids → 0.4-2mM
(Fuel of choice for the cardiac muscle)
What waste products are carried around in plasma? - correct answer ✔✔Urea
Creatine
Uric Acid
Bilirubin
Name the specific proteins that are present in blood plasma. Approximately how much of the
plasma is composed of proteins? - correct answer ✔✔~7% w/v
Albumin → 4.2g/100mL
*Plays a role in transporting hydrophobic molecules around blood
Globulin → 2.8g/100mL
*Gamma form are antibodies
Fibrinogen → 0.3g/100mL
What gases are present in plasma? - correct answer ✔✔CO₂
O₂
,N₂
Briefly outline the role of Calcitonin and Parathormone. - correct answer ✔✔Calcitonin makes
calcium go into the blood from bone
Parathormone takes calcium out of the blood and puts it back into bone
What are the cellular constituents of blood? - correct answer ✔✔RBC ~5 million/µL
WBC ~7000/µL
Platelets ~250,000/µL
→ Smaller
Total= ~40-45% blood volume
In hematopoiesis, what percentage of pluripotent stem cells become leukocytes and
erythrocytes? - correct answer ✔✔75% of cells produced become Leukocytes
→Lifespan= hours-days
25% cells produced become erythrocytes
→Lifespan 90-120 days
What cytokines regulate hematopoiesis? - correct answer ✔✔Colony Stimulating Factors →
Leukocytes
Erythropoeitin (EPO) → Erythrocytes
Thrombopoeitin (TPO) →Platelets
What is the main role of RBC's? - correct answer ✔✔O₂ transport!
→Requires hemoglobin (Hb)
, →Hb production requires: iron, B12, folic acid
Describe the structure of hemoglobin. - correct answer ✔✔Hb has 4 global subunits
→Each subunit has a heme group
→The heme group contains Fe to which O₂ binds
Hb binds 4 oxygen molecules
→binding is co-operative (important in maintaining a high saturation of oxygen)
→binding of one oxygen molecule facilitates binding of another
Antigens on RBC surface (ex. A, B, Rh
→implicated in transfusion/rejection
List 3 factors that affect RBC hematocrit. - correct answer ✔✔→Lower in women than men
→Higher at altitude (highest recorded is 78%)
→Higher in athletes
What factors regulate hematocrit? - correct answer ✔✔→Oxygen (via EPO)
→Nutritional status
→Menstruation/hemorrhage (↑ fluid content in blood)
→Hormones
→Vitamin B12 complex
→Folic Acid
What is anemia? What are the 4 types? - correct answer ✔✔Anemia= insufficient Hb
→Hypochromic (low Hb in RBC's due to Fe deficiency)
