GNRS582A – PATHOPHYSIOLOGY QUIZ 3 NEWEST EXAM
PRACTICE QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS
GRADED A+(BRAND NEW).
Fever - ANSWERS-Is caused by endogenous and exogenous pyrogens
Benefits of fever - ANSWERS-- Kills microorganisms
- ↓ serum levels of iron, copper, and zinc
- Enhances phagocytosis
Bacteremia - ANSWERS-Presence of bacteria in the blood
Septicemia - ANSWERS-Growth of bacteria in the blood
Prions - ANSWERS-Modified infectious host proteins
Ex. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, kuru, mad cow disease
Viruses - ANSWERS-Nucleic acid and protein coat. Use host cell to make
new "friends"
Ex. influenza, rhinovirus, hepatitis viruses, herpesviruses
Fungi - ANSWERS-Yeasts and molds. Saprophytic eukaryotes
Parasites - ANSWERS-Single-celled and multicellular eukaryotes
Ex. Protozoa, helminths (worms), arthropods
Bacterial capsules - ANSWERS-Polysacchrides. Inhibit phagocytosis
Bacteria - ANSWERS-Single-celled prokaryotes. Gram positive and gram
negative. Cocci and bacilli (rods)
Exotoxins - ANSWERS-- Proteins produced inside pathogenic bacteria
(mostly gram-positive cocci and bacilli)
, - Host response: production of antibodies (antitoxins)
- Vaccines are available for many of these: tetanus, Tdap
- Toxicity: High
- Fever producing: No
Endotoxins - ANSWERS-- Lipopolysaccharides contained within the cell
walls of gram-negative bacteria and are released with lysis or destruction of
bacteria
- Activate complement and clotting systems: ⇧ vascular permeability
contributes to hypotension & disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
- Toxicity: low
- Fever producing: pyrogenic
Staphylococcus aureus - ANSWERS-A gram-positive coccus carried on
the skin and nasal lining
Colonization of S. aureus with MRSA - ANSWERS-Host carries the
bacteria on skin or in nose, but no signs of illness is seen. Become
colonized by touching the skin of another person w/ MRSA or touching
contaminated surface
30% - ANSWERS-Percentage of healthy individuals that have
asymptomatic colonization with MRSA
Infection from MRSA - ANSWERS-Can develop if the bacteria enters an
opening such as a cut, scrape, or wound in the skin
Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) - ANSWERS-
Requires contact isolation
- People currently in the hospital (HAI MRSA)
- People with recent hospitalization or ongoing contact with medical clinics,
dialysis units, or outpatient chemotherapy
- People in the community (CAI): 50% cases - ANSWERS-Places where
mRSA can occur
Antimicrobial Resistance in Bacteria - ANSWERS-- Chromosomal
mutations
PRACTICE QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS
GRADED A+(BRAND NEW).
Fever - ANSWERS-Is caused by endogenous and exogenous pyrogens
Benefits of fever - ANSWERS-- Kills microorganisms
- ↓ serum levels of iron, copper, and zinc
- Enhances phagocytosis
Bacteremia - ANSWERS-Presence of bacteria in the blood
Septicemia - ANSWERS-Growth of bacteria in the blood
Prions - ANSWERS-Modified infectious host proteins
Ex. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, kuru, mad cow disease
Viruses - ANSWERS-Nucleic acid and protein coat. Use host cell to make
new "friends"
Ex. influenza, rhinovirus, hepatitis viruses, herpesviruses
Fungi - ANSWERS-Yeasts and molds. Saprophytic eukaryotes
Parasites - ANSWERS-Single-celled and multicellular eukaryotes
Ex. Protozoa, helminths (worms), arthropods
Bacterial capsules - ANSWERS-Polysacchrides. Inhibit phagocytosis
Bacteria - ANSWERS-Single-celled prokaryotes. Gram positive and gram
negative. Cocci and bacilli (rods)
Exotoxins - ANSWERS-- Proteins produced inside pathogenic bacteria
(mostly gram-positive cocci and bacilli)
, - Host response: production of antibodies (antitoxins)
- Vaccines are available for many of these: tetanus, Tdap
- Toxicity: High
- Fever producing: No
Endotoxins - ANSWERS-- Lipopolysaccharides contained within the cell
walls of gram-negative bacteria and are released with lysis or destruction of
bacteria
- Activate complement and clotting systems: ⇧ vascular permeability
contributes to hypotension & disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
- Toxicity: low
- Fever producing: pyrogenic
Staphylococcus aureus - ANSWERS-A gram-positive coccus carried on
the skin and nasal lining
Colonization of S. aureus with MRSA - ANSWERS-Host carries the
bacteria on skin or in nose, but no signs of illness is seen. Become
colonized by touching the skin of another person w/ MRSA or touching
contaminated surface
30% - ANSWERS-Percentage of healthy individuals that have
asymptomatic colonization with MRSA
Infection from MRSA - ANSWERS-Can develop if the bacteria enters an
opening such as a cut, scrape, or wound in the skin
Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) - ANSWERS-
Requires contact isolation
- People currently in the hospital (HAI MRSA)
- People with recent hospitalization or ongoing contact with medical clinics,
dialysis units, or outpatient chemotherapy
- People in the community (CAI): 50% cases - ANSWERS-Places where
mRSA can occur
Antimicrobial Resistance in Bacteria - ANSWERS-- Chromosomal
mutations
