NR324 Exam final
What function do the GI tract preform - ingestion, digestion, and elimination
Pain focused GI assessment - when the pain occurs - before meals, after meals, in the middle of
the night, and any food associations. Specifically ask about heartburn and problems with a sore
mouth, tongue, or throat.
Teeth/Gums: focused GI assessment - problems with bleeding gums, dental caries, abscesses,
and use of dentures and partial plates. Obtain date of last dental exam and results if possible.
Throat: focused GI assessment - hoarseness or voice changes that might indicate the presence
of a tumor, any difficulty swallowing, and the presence or absence of tonsils.
Appetite: focused GI assessment - Appetite: Assess any changes in appetite, food in tolerances,
and the presence of nausea and/or vomiting.
Lower GI: focused GI assessment - Lower GI: Assess for problems with eructation, flatulence,
hemorrhoids, hernia.
When assessing the abdomen, should the nurse palpate or auscultate first - always inspect,
auscultate and then pappate
skin: focused GI assessment - for color, lesions, scars, petechiae, etc. Abdominal contour and
perianal area for intact skin, hemorrhoids.
When palpating the abdominal - you should use light touch and advance to deep palpation
, What are some age related changes in the GI tract - Saliva secretion decreases , inhibiting the
digestion of complex carbs - gum and tooth loss making nutrition difficult- Peristalsis in the
esophagus is no longer triggered with each swallow and there is delayed entry of food into the
stomach causing a premature feeling of fullness- heart burn and reflux- Constipation is common
due to decreased intake and decreased intestinal motility.
What is a Barium enema - - examination of large intestine; give laxatives before and monitor
stool after procedure
What is a Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) - - visualize esophagus, stomach, duodenum;
keep NPO after procedure until gag reflex returns
What is an Colonoscopy - - examination of colon, biopsies and polyps removed; bowel prep
before and observe for perforation
What is an Nasogastric (NG) Tube - - nutrition, medication and decompression; proper
technique during use, verify placement
What is a Gastrostomy Tube - - nutrition, medication; proper technique for use, verify
placement, monitor for infection, HOB elevated
What is Nausea - a feeling of discomfort in the epigastrium with a conscious desire to vomit.
How do you Management nausea and vomiting - : medications, assess vomitus, progressive
nutrition, non-pharmacological measures, weight, I&O
Which laboratory findings should the nurse expect in the patient with persistent vomiting? -
Increased pH, decreased K, increased Hct.
What function do the GI tract preform - ingestion, digestion, and elimination
Pain focused GI assessment - when the pain occurs - before meals, after meals, in the middle of
the night, and any food associations. Specifically ask about heartburn and problems with a sore
mouth, tongue, or throat.
Teeth/Gums: focused GI assessment - problems with bleeding gums, dental caries, abscesses,
and use of dentures and partial plates. Obtain date of last dental exam and results if possible.
Throat: focused GI assessment - hoarseness or voice changes that might indicate the presence
of a tumor, any difficulty swallowing, and the presence or absence of tonsils.
Appetite: focused GI assessment - Appetite: Assess any changes in appetite, food in tolerances,
and the presence of nausea and/or vomiting.
Lower GI: focused GI assessment - Lower GI: Assess for problems with eructation, flatulence,
hemorrhoids, hernia.
When assessing the abdomen, should the nurse palpate or auscultate first - always inspect,
auscultate and then pappate
skin: focused GI assessment - for color, lesions, scars, petechiae, etc. Abdominal contour and
perianal area for intact skin, hemorrhoids.
When palpating the abdominal - you should use light touch and advance to deep palpation
, What are some age related changes in the GI tract - Saliva secretion decreases , inhibiting the
digestion of complex carbs - gum and tooth loss making nutrition difficult- Peristalsis in the
esophagus is no longer triggered with each swallow and there is delayed entry of food into the
stomach causing a premature feeling of fullness- heart burn and reflux- Constipation is common
due to decreased intake and decreased intestinal motility.
What is a Barium enema - - examination of large intestine; give laxatives before and monitor
stool after procedure
What is a Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) - - visualize esophagus, stomach, duodenum;
keep NPO after procedure until gag reflex returns
What is an Colonoscopy - - examination of colon, biopsies and polyps removed; bowel prep
before and observe for perforation
What is an Nasogastric (NG) Tube - - nutrition, medication and decompression; proper
technique during use, verify placement
What is a Gastrostomy Tube - - nutrition, medication; proper technique for use, verify
placement, monitor for infection, HOB elevated
What is Nausea - a feeling of discomfort in the epigastrium with a conscious desire to vomit.
How do you Management nausea and vomiting - : medications, assess vomitus, progressive
nutrition, non-pharmacological measures, weight, I&O
Which laboratory findings should the nurse expect in the patient with persistent vomiting? -
Increased pH, decreased K, increased Hct.
