BIO 172 UH Manoa Exam Questions and Answers Fully Solved
Endoderm
Mesoderm
Ectoderm - Answers Three embryonic layers. Endoderm being the inner most layer and Ectoderm being
the outermost.
What traits are present in the early stages of development that would not allow you to determine if the
animal is a protostome or deuterostome?
A) Radial Cleavage
B) presence of endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm
c) Coelom formed by splitting the mesodermal mass
D) Anus forms from blastopore
E) The developmental fate of each embryonic cell is fully determined - Answers B) presence of
endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm
Coelom - Answers Internal body cavity derived from the mesoderm
Blastopore - Answers The opening that develops into the mouth in protostomes and the anus in
deuterostomes
Radial Symmetry - Answers Can be split on multiple planes and be symmetrical (Circle)
Ex. Adult Cnidaria
Bilateral symmetry - Answers Will only be symmetrical if split on one line, all others will not be
symmetrical (humans)
Ex. Nematoda
Rotational symmetry - Answers Division of the body into two halves divides it into two copies of the
same half with one rotated 180 degrees.
Ex. Ctenophora
Asymmetry - Answers No symmetry in any split
Ex. Porifera
Which is not a monophyletic group?
,A) Opisthokonta
B) Bilateria
C) Cnidaria
D) Ctenophora
E) Porifera - Answers A) Opisthokonta
Which is true about animal evolutionary history?
A) the Cambrian explosion led to the appearance of the Ediacaran biota
B) the Cambrian explosion occurred around 100 MYA
C) several extant phyla first appear in the fossil record from the Cambrian period
D) many fossils dating from the Cambrian explosion represent species that survive today
E) the Cambrian explosion was caused by a rapid increase in Earth's atmospheric nitrogen - Answers C)
Several extant phyla first appear in the fossil record from the Cambrian Period
Ediacaran Period - Answers before Cambrian period, about 635-543 MYA
Cambrian Explosion/Period - Answers the most rapid evolution of new animal phyla and animal diversity
in Earth's history about 542-488 MYA
Which of the following is not typical of most animals?
A) Specialized tissues
B) a stage of development called gastrulation
C) possession of hox genes
D) alternation of generations between diploid and haploid lifestages
E) food obtained via heterotrophy - Answers D) Alternation of generations between diploid and haploid
lifestages
Hox Genes - Answers Responsible for the general body pattern of most animals
,Gastrulation - Answers results in the formation of the primitive gut (archenteron) or digestive cavity and
the formation of the embryonic layers.
Organogenesis - Answers formation of organs
Which of the following is true of the animal phylogenetic tree?
A) fossils provide the best source of information for determining the animal phylogenetic tree
B) major accepted clades of the animal phylogeny have remained constant over the past 50 years
C) Future DNA evidence is likely to demonstrate that the Bilateria is the most primitive animal clade
D) Eumetazoans include more species than Metazoans
E) As more DNA is sequenced and analyzed from more animals, future changes to major surviving clades
of the animal phylogenetic tree become less likely. - Answers E) As more DNA is sequenced and analyzed
from more animals, future changes to major surviving clades of the animal phylogenetic tree become
less likely
Which of the following is not true of the coelom?
A) it may be present in triploblastic organisms
B) it is a cavity the houses internal organs
C) it is derived from mesoderm
D) it is present in all animals
E) it usually contain fluids - Answers D) it is present in all animals
Triploblastic - Answers Having 3 embryonic layers (endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm)
Diploblastic - Answers Having 2 embryonic layers (endoderm and ectoderm).
Which of the following does not play a major role in Earth's post-Cambrian animal evolution?
A) evolution among plants
B) meteor strikes
C) Change in distance between the Earth and the sun
, D) shift in Earth's geography
E) cataclysmic volcanic eruptions - Answers C) change in distance between the Earth and the sun
Which of the following is not found in Cnidarians?
A) planula larvae
B)medusae
C)cnidocytes
D)mesoderm
E)polyps - Answers D) mesoderm
planula larvae - Answers larvae of various cnidarians
medusae - Answers free-floating aquatic animals with a structure similar to a jellyfish
cnidocytes - Answers stinging cells
Gemmules - Answers Environmentally resistant structures produced by adult sponges
Which of the following is not a component of a sponge?
A) osculum
B)mesohyl
C)endoderm
D)amoebocytes
E)ostia - Answers C) endoderm
osculum - Answers A large opening on a sponge through which filtered water is expelled
mesohyl - Answers gelatinous matrix within a sponge
Which of the following is not a component of sponge reproduction?
A) release of eggs into the water column
Endoderm
Mesoderm
Ectoderm - Answers Three embryonic layers. Endoderm being the inner most layer and Ectoderm being
the outermost.
What traits are present in the early stages of development that would not allow you to determine if the
animal is a protostome or deuterostome?
A) Radial Cleavage
B) presence of endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm
c) Coelom formed by splitting the mesodermal mass
D) Anus forms from blastopore
E) The developmental fate of each embryonic cell is fully determined - Answers B) presence of
endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm
Coelom - Answers Internal body cavity derived from the mesoderm
Blastopore - Answers The opening that develops into the mouth in protostomes and the anus in
deuterostomes
Radial Symmetry - Answers Can be split on multiple planes and be symmetrical (Circle)
Ex. Adult Cnidaria
Bilateral symmetry - Answers Will only be symmetrical if split on one line, all others will not be
symmetrical (humans)
Ex. Nematoda
Rotational symmetry - Answers Division of the body into two halves divides it into two copies of the
same half with one rotated 180 degrees.
Ex. Ctenophora
Asymmetry - Answers No symmetry in any split
Ex. Porifera
Which is not a monophyletic group?
,A) Opisthokonta
B) Bilateria
C) Cnidaria
D) Ctenophora
E) Porifera - Answers A) Opisthokonta
Which is true about animal evolutionary history?
A) the Cambrian explosion led to the appearance of the Ediacaran biota
B) the Cambrian explosion occurred around 100 MYA
C) several extant phyla first appear in the fossil record from the Cambrian period
D) many fossils dating from the Cambrian explosion represent species that survive today
E) the Cambrian explosion was caused by a rapid increase in Earth's atmospheric nitrogen - Answers C)
Several extant phyla first appear in the fossil record from the Cambrian Period
Ediacaran Period - Answers before Cambrian period, about 635-543 MYA
Cambrian Explosion/Period - Answers the most rapid evolution of new animal phyla and animal diversity
in Earth's history about 542-488 MYA
Which of the following is not typical of most animals?
A) Specialized tissues
B) a stage of development called gastrulation
C) possession of hox genes
D) alternation of generations between diploid and haploid lifestages
E) food obtained via heterotrophy - Answers D) Alternation of generations between diploid and haploid
lifestages
Hox Genes - Answers Responsible for the general body pattern of most animals
,Gastrulation - Answers results in the formation of the primitive gut (archenteron) or digestive cavity and
the formation of the embryonic layers.
Organogenesis - Answers formation of organs
Which of the following is true of the animal phylogenetic tree?
A) fossils provide the best source of information for determining the animal phylogenetic tree
B) major accepted clades of the animal phylogeny have remained constant over the past 50 years
C) Future DNA evidence is likely to demonstrate that the Bilateria is the most primitive animal clade
D) Eumetazoans include more species than Metazoans
E) As more DNA is sequenced and analyzed from more animals, future changes to major surviving clades
of the animal phylogenetic tree become less likely. - Answers E) As more DNA is sequenced and analyzed
from more animals, future changes to major surviving clades of the animal phylogenetic tree become
less likely
Which of the following is not true of the coelom?
A) it may be present in triploblastic organisms
B) it is a cavity the houses internal organs
C) it is derived from mesoderm
D) it is present in all animals
E) it usually contain fluids - Answers D) it is present in all animals
Triploblastic - Answers Having 3 embryonic layers (endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm)
Diploblastic - Answers Having 2 embryonic layers (endoderm and ectoderm).
Which of the following does not play a major role in Earth's post-Cambrian animal evolution?
A) evolution among plants
B) meteor strikes
C) Change in distance between the Earth and the sun
, D) shift in Earth's geography
E) cataclysmic volcanic eruptions - Answers C) change in distance between the Earth and the sun
Which of the following is not found in Cnidarians?
A) planula larvae
B)medusae
C)cnidocytes
D)mesoderm
E)polyps - Answers D) mesoderm
planula larvae - Answers larvae of various cnidarians
medusae - Answers free-floating aquatic animals with a structure similar to a jellyfish
cnidocytes - Answers stinging cells
Gemmules - Answers Environmentally resistant structures produced by adult sponges
Which of the following is not a component of a sponge?
A) osculum
B)mesohyl
C)endoderm
D)amoebocytes
E)ostia - Answers C) endoderm
osculum - Answers A large opening on a sponge through which filtered water is expelled
mesohyl - Answers gelatinous matrix within a sponge
Which of the following is not a component of sponge reproduction?
A) release of eggs into the water column
