,Chapter 01: Highlights of the Innate and Adaptive Immune Systems
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MULTIPLE CHOICE ui
1. The ―father‖ of immunology is generally considered to be
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a. Koch.
b. Pasteur.
c. Gram.
d. Salk.
ANS: B u i
Louis Pasteur is generally considered to be the ―father of immunology.‖
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DIF: Cognitive Level: I ui ui
2. An early form of immunization was practiced by the
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a. Romans.
b. Greeks.
c. Chinese.
d. Native Americans. ui
ANS: C u i
Beginning about 1000 AD, the Chinese practiced a form of immunization by inhaling dried po
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wders derived from the crusts of smallpox lesions.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: I ui ui
3. A specific function of the immune system is to
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a. recognize self from nonself. ui ui ui
b. defend the body against nonself. ui ui ui ui
c. amplify specific functions. ui ui
d. Both A and B. ui ui ui
ANS: D u i
The function of the immune system is to recognize self from nonself and defend the body agai
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nst nonself. Such a system is necessary for survival. The immune system also has nonspecific
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effector mechanisms that usually amplify the specific functions. Nonspecific components of th
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e immune system include mononuclear phagocytes, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and solubl
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e factors (e.g., complement).
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DIF: Cognitive Level: I ui ui
4. An undesirable consequence of immunity is
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a. natural resistance. ui
b. acquired resistance to infectious diseases. ui ui ui ui
, c. an autoimmune disorder.
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d. recovery from infectious disease. ui ui ui
ANS: C u i
The desirable consequences of immunity include natural resistance, recovery, and acquired res
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istance to infectious diseases. A deficiency or dysfunction of the immune system can cause ma
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ny disorders. Undesirable consequences of immunity include allergy, rejection of a transplante
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d organ, or an autoimmune disorder.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: I ui ui
5. The immune system has various distinctive characteristics except;
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a. specificity.
b. memory.
c. mobility.
d. noncooperation among different cells. ui ui ui
ANS: D u i
The immune system is composed of a large, complex set of widely distributed elements, with t
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he distinctive characteristics of specificity, memory, mobility, replicability, and cooperation a
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mong different cells or cellular products. Specificity and memory are characteristics of lymph
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ocytes in the immune system. Nonspecific elements of the immune system demonstrate mobilit
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y. In addition, specific and nonspecific cellular components of the immune system can replicat
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e. Cooperation is required for optimal functioning, and interaction involves specific cellular el
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ements, cell products, and nonlymphoid elements.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: I ui ui
6. Hematopoiesis occurs in the yolk sac during the ui ui ui ui ui ui ui
a. immediate hours after conception ui ui ui
b. second month of gestation. ui ui ui
c. second trimester of gestation. ui ui ui
d. periods of severe anemia in children. ui ui ui ui ui
ANS: A u i
The sites of blood cell development, or hematopoiesis, follow a definite sequence in the embr
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yo and fetus. Hematopoiesis occurs in the yolk sac during the second month of gestation.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: II ui ui
7. The sequence of blood cell development in the embryo and fetus is
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a. yolk sac, liver-spleen, bone marrow.
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b. yolk sac, bone marrow, liver/spleen.
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c. liver-spleen, yolk sac, bone marrow. ui ui ui ui
d. bone marrow, liver-spleen, yolk sac.ui ui ui ui
ANS: A u i
, The first blood cells are primitive red blood cells (erythroblasts; RBCs) formed in the islets of
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the yolk sac during the first 2 to 8 weeks of life. Gradually, the liver and spleen replace the y
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olk sac as the sites of blood cell development. By the second month of gestation, the liver be
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comes the major site of hematopoiesis, and granular types of leukocytes have made their initi
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al appearance. The liver and spleen predominate from about 2 to 5 months of fetal life. In the
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fourth month of gestation, bone marrow begins to produce blood cells. After the fifth fetal mo
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nth, bone marrow begins to assume its ultimate role as the primary site of hematopoiesis.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: II ui ui
8. The primary function of mature neutrophils is
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a. to reduce inflammation. ui ui
b. to lyse parasites in the circulatory system.
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c. antigen recognition. ui
d. phagocytosis.
ANS: D u i
Various phagocytic cells continually circulate throughout the blood, lymph, gastrointestinal sy
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stem, and respiratory tract. When trauma occurs, the neutrophils arrive at the site of injury and
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can be found in the initial exudate in less than 1 hour. Monocytes are slower in moving to the
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inflammatory site. Macrophages resident in the tissues of the body are already in place to deal
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with an intruding agent. Additional macrophages from the bone marrow and other tissues can b
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e released in severe infections.
ui ui ui ui
DIF: Cognitive Level: II ui ui
9. Primary granules, or azurophilic granules, in neutrophils contain
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a. lysozyme.
b. myeloperoxidase.
c. lactoferrin.
d. Both A and B. ui ui ui
ANS: D u i
Granules in the phagocyte cytosol contain degradatory enzymes of three types
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1. Primary, or azurophilic, granules containing enzymes (e.g., lysozyme, ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui
myeloperoxidase)
2. Secondary, or specific, granules containing substances such as lactoferrin. ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui
3. Tertiary granules containing substances such as caspases ui ui ui ui ui ui
DIF: Cognitive Level: I ui ui
10. The origin of a condition when eosinophils are increased in the circulating blood is associated
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ui with:
a. fungus
b. parasitic amoeba ui
c. allergic reactions ui
d. bacteria
ANS: C u i
ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui
MULTIPLE CHOICE ui
1. The ―father‖ of immunology is generally considered to be
ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui
a. Koch.
b. Pasteur.
c. Gram.
d. Salk.
ANS: B u i
Louis Pasteur is generally considered to be the ―father of immunology.‖
ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui
DIF: Cognitive Level: I ui ui
2. An early form of immunization was practiced by the
ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui
a. Romans.
b. Greeks.
c. Chinese.
d. Native Americans. ui
ANS: C u i
Beginning about 1000 AD, the Chinese practiced a form of immunization by inhaling dried po
ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui
wders derived from the crusts of smallpox lesions.
ui ui ui ui ui ui ui
DIF: Cognitive Level: I ui ui
3. A specific function of the immune system is to
ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui
a. recognize self from nonself. ui ui ui
b. defend the body against nonself. ui ui ui ui
c. amplify specific functions. ui ui
d. Both A and B. ui ui ui
ANS: D u i
The function of the immune system is to recognize self from nonself and defend the body agai
ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui
nst nonself. Such a system is necessary for survival. The immune system also has nonspecific
ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui
effector mechanisms that usually amplify the specific functions. Nonspecific components of th
ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui
e immune system include mononuclear phagocytes, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and solubl
ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui
e factors (e.g., complement).
ui ui ui
DIF: Cognitive Level: I ui ui
4. An undesirable consequence of immunity is
ui ui ui ui ui
a. natural resistance. ui
b. acquired resistance to infectious diseases. ui ui ui ui
, c. an autoimmune disorder.
ui ui
d. recovery from infectious disease. ui ui ui
ANS: C u i
The desirable consequences of immunity include natural resistance, recovery, and acquired res
ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui
istance to infectious diseases. A deficiency or dysfunction of the immune system can cause ma
ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui
ny disorders. Undesirable consequences of immunity include allergy, rejection of a transplante
ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui
d organ, or an autoimmune disorder.
ui ui ui ui ui
DIF: Cognitive Level: I ui ui
5. The immune system has various distinctive characteristics except;
ui ui ui ui ui ui ui
a. specificity.
b. memory.
c. mobility.
d. noncooperation among different cells. ui ui ui
ANS: D u i
The immune system is composed of a large, complex set of widely distributed elements, with t
ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui
he distinctive characteristics of specificity, memory, mobility, replicability, and cooperation a
ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui
mong different cells or cellular products. Specificity and memory are characteristics of lymph
ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui
ocytes in the immune system. Nonspecific elements of the immune system demonstrate mobilit
ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui
y. In addition, specific and nonspecific cellular components of the immune system can replicat
ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui
e. Cooperation is required for optimal functioning, and interaction involves specific cellular el
ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui
ements, cell products, and nonlymphoid elements.
ui ui ui ui ui
DIF: Cognitive Level: I ui ui
6. Hematopoiesis occurs in the yolk sac during the ui ui ui ui ui ui ui
a. immediate hours after conception ui ui ui
b. second month of gestation. ui ui ui
c. second trimester of gestation. ui ui ui
d. periods of severe anemia in children. ui ui ui ui ui
ANS: A u i
The sites of blood cell development, or hematopoiesis, follow a definite sequence in the embr
ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui
yo and fetus. Hematopoiesis occurs in the yolk sac during the second month of gestation.
ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui
DIF: Cognitive Level: II ui ui
7. The sequence of blood cell development in the embryo and fetus is
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a. yolk sac, liver-spleen, bone marrow.
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b. yolk sac, bone marrow, liver/spleen.
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c. liver-spleen, yolk sac, bone marrow. ui ui ui ui
d. bone marrow, liver-spleen, yolk sac.ui ui ui ui
ANS: A u i
, The first blood cells are primitive red blood cells (erythroblasts; RBCs) formed in the islets of
ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui
the yolk sac during the first 2 to 8 weeks of life. Gradually, the liver and spleen replace the y
ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui
olk sac as the sites of blood cell development. By the second month of gestation, the liver be
ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui
comes the major site of hematopoiesis, and granular types of leukocytes have made their initi
ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui
al appearance. The liver and spleen predominate from about 2 to 5 months of fetal life. In the
ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui u
fourth month of gestation, bone marrow begins to produce blood cells. After the fifth fetal mo
i ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui
nth, bone marrow begins to assume its ultimate role as the primary site of hematopoiesis.
ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui
DIF: Cognitive Level: II ui ui
8. The primary function of mature neutrophils is
ui ui ui ui ui ui
a. to reduce inflammation. ui ui
b. to lyse parasites in the circulatory system.
ui ui ui ui ui ui
c. antigen recognition. ui
d. phagocytosis.
ANS: D u i
Various phagocytic cells continually circulate throughout the blood, lymph, gastrointestinal sy
ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui
stem, and respiratory tract. When trauma occurs, the neutrophils arrive at the site of injury and
ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui
can be found in the initial exudate in less than 1 hour. Monocytes are slower in moving to the
ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui
inflammatory site. Macrophages resident in the tissues of the body are already in place to deal
ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui
with an intruding agent. Additional macrophages from the bone marrow and other tissues can b
ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui
e released in severe infections.
ui ui ui ui
DIF: Cognitive Level: II ui ui
9. Primary granules, or azurophilic granules, in neutrophils contain
ui ui ui ui ui ui ui
a. lysozyme.
b. myeloperoxidase.
c. lactoferrin.
d. Both A and B. ui ui ui
ANS: D u i
Granules in the phagocyte cytosol contain degradatory enzymes of three types
ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui
1. Primary, or azurophilic, granules containing enzymes (e.g., lysozyme, ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui
myeloperoxidase)
2. Secondary, or specific, granules containing substances such as lactoferrin. ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui
3. Tertiary granules containing substances such as caspases ui ui ui ui ui ui
DIF: Cognitive Level: I ui ui
10. The origin of a condition when eosinophils are increased in the circulating blood is associated
ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui ui
ui with:
a. fungus
b. parasitic amoeba ui
c. allergic reactions ui
d. bacteria
ANS: C u i
