Btec applied science biology unit 6 learning aim b Unit 6
investigative project Learning Aim B produce a plan for an
investigative project based on the proposal Assignment title
Project Planning
During resting potential which ions are being moved into the cell and which ions are
moved out of the cell? - ANSWERS-Na+ removed from the cell, K+ added to the cell
How many sodium/potassium ions are removed/added in via the Na+/K+ pump? -
ANSWERS-3 Na+ ions removed, 2 K+ ions added
When does the first voltage gate open? - ANSWERS-When the axon is stimulated and
this reaches above potential threshold
Which voltage gates are open during resting potential? - ANSWERS-None
Which voltage gates are open during depolarisation? - ANSWERS-Sodium voltage
gates
Which voltage gates are open during repolarisation? - ANSWERS-Potassium voltage
gates
What occurs during depolarisation? - ANSWERS-Na+ voltage gates open, Na+ floods in
causing the potential difference to increase
What occurs during repolarisation? - ANSWERS-K+ voltage gates open, K+ floods out
of the cell causing potential different to decrease
What is meant by the term hyper-polarisation? - ANSWERS-When the cell becomes too
negative due to the loss of too many K+
What is meant by the term saltatory conduction? - ANSWERS-When the impulse jumps
between nodes increasing the speed at which the impulse travels down the axon
Which voltage gate opens in the synaptic bulb as the action potential reaches it? -
ANSWERS-Calcium voltage gate
What happens in the synaptic bulb as the calcium voltage gates open? - ANSWERS-
Ca2+ floods in, stimulating the vesicles to move to the membrane of the presynaptic
bulb
Which chemical is held in the vesicles? - ANSWERS-Acetylcholine (a neurotransmitter)
, Define the term exocytosis - ANSWERS-The release of the acetylcholine into the
synaptic cleft. This then diffuses across the synapse.
What causes the sodium channel to open on the postsynaptic neurone? - ANSWERS-
Acetylcholine bonding to receptors on sodium voltage gate.
What happens to the acetylcholine after the sodium channel opens? - ANSWERS-
Broken down by acetylcholinesterase into ethanoic acid and choline. This is then
reabsorbed by the presynaptic neurone and reformed into acetylcholine.
What does EEG stand for? - ANSWERS-Electroenchephalogram
Describe the function of the nucleolus - ANSWERS-Produces ribosomes and RNA
Describe the function of the cell wall - ANSWERS-Provides rigidity and protection to the
cell
Describe the function of the chloroplasts - ANSWERS-Site of photosynthesis as they
contain chlorophyll
Describe the function of the plasmodesmata - ANSWERS-A channel through the cell
wall the allows transport of materials from one cell to another
Describe the function of the amyoplasts - ANSWERS-Stores starch and converts starch
back into glucose when the plant needs energy
Describe the function of the vacuole - ANSWERS-Stores water and chemicals for cell
use. Also maintains turgor of cell
Describe the function of the tonoplasts - ANSWERS-Membrane the surrounds the
vacuole. Protects the vacuole, isolates it from harmful substances and controls water
flow in and out of the vacuole
Why are gram positive bacteria more susceptible to antibiotics? - ANSWERS-
Permeable cell wall whereas gram negative bacteria has a semi-permeable cell wall
Describe the adaptations found in a palisade cell - ANSWERS-Closely packed together
Chloroplasts
Large vacuole
Explain why the palisade cell has a large amount of chloroplasts - ANSWERS-To
absorb lots of light for photosynthesis
Explain why palisade cells are closely packed together - ANSWERS-To form a
continuous layer in the leaf
investigative project Learning Aim B produce a plan for an
investigative project based on the proposal Assignment title
Project Planning
During resting potential which ions are being moved into the cell and which ions are
moved out of the cell? - ANSWERS-Na+ removed from the cell, K+ added to the cell
How many sodium/potassium ions are removed/added in via the Na+/K+ pump? -
ANSWERS-3 Na+ ions removed, 2 K+ ions added
When does the first voltage gate open? - ANSWERS-When the axon is stimulated and
this reaches above potential threshold
Which voltage gates are open during resting potential? - ANSWERS-None
Which voltage gates are open during depolarisation? - ANSWERS-Sodium voltage
gates
Which voltage gates are open during repolarisation? - ANSWERS-Potassium voltage
gates
What occurs during depolarisation? - ANSWERS-Na+ voltage gates open, Na+ floods in
causing the potential difference to increase
What occurs during repolarisation? - ANSWERS-K+ voltage gates open, K+ floods out
of the cell causing potential different to decrease
What is meant by the term hyper-polarisation? - ANSWERS-When the cell becomes too
negative due to the loss of too many K+
What is meant by the term saltatory conduction? - ANSWERS-When the impulse jumps
between nodes increasing the speed at which the impulse travels down the axon
Which voltage gate opens in the synaptic bulb as the action potential reaches it? -
ANSWERS-Calcium voltage gate
What happens in the synaptic bulb as the calcium voltage gates open? - ANSWERS-
Ca2+ floods in, stimulating the vesicles to move to the membrane of the presynaptic
bulb
Which chemical is held in the vesicles? - ANSWERS-Acetylcholine (a neurotransmitter)
, Define the term exocytosis - ANSWERS-The release of the acetylcholine into the
synaptic cleft. This then diffuses across the synapse.
What causes the sodium channel to open on the postsynaptic neurone? - ANSWERS-
Acetylcholine bonding to receptors on sodium voltage gate.
What happens to the acetylcholine after the sodium channel opens? - ANSWERS-
Broken down by acetylcholinesterase into ethanoic acid and choline. This is then
reabsorbed by the presynaptic neurone and reformed into acetylcholine.
What does EEG stand for? - ANSWERS-Electroenchephalogram
Describe the function of the nucleolus - ANSWERS-Produces ribosomes and RNA
Describe the function of the cell wall - ANSWERS-Provides rigidity and protection to the
cell
Describe the function of the chloroplasts - ANSWERS-Site of photosynthesis as they
contain chlorophyll
Describe the function of the plasmodesmata - ANSWERS-A channel through the cell
wall the allows transport of materials from one cell to another
Describe the function of the amyoplasts - ANSWERS-Stores starch and converts starch
back into glucose when the plant needs energy
Describe the function of the vacuole - ANSWERS-Stores water and chemicals for cell
use. Also maintains turgor of cell
Describe the function of the tonoplasts - ANSWERS-Membrane the surrounds the
vacuole. Protects the vacuole, isolates it from harmful substances and controls water
flow in and out of the vacuole
Why are gram positive bacteria more susceptible to antibiotics? - ANSWERS-
Permeable cell wall whereas gram negative bacteria has a semi-permeable cell wall
Describe the adaptations found in a palisade cell - ANSWERS-Closely packed together
Chloroplasts
Large vacuole
Explain why the palisade cell has a large amount of chloroplasts - ANSWERS-To
absorb lots of light for photosynthesis
Explain why palisade cells are closely packed together - ANSWERS-To form a
continuous layer in the leaf
