Nurs 235 final Exam Questions with Complete Solutions 100% Verified| Latest
Update Graded A+
What does waist circumference indicate? → It assesses abdominal fat; increased
measurements are associated with higher risk of heart disease, diabetes, and metabolic
syndrome.
BMR (Basal Metabolic Rate)
What is a BMR → The number of calories your body needs to maintain basic physiological
functions at rest.
When is it elevated? → BMR increases with fever, stress, hyperthyroidism, growth, and
pregnancy.
When is it decreased? → BMR decreases with aging, prolonged fasting, and hypothyroidism.
Macronutrients
What are carbohydrates fats, proteins? →, Macronutrients are nutrients needed in large
amounts for energy and body functions.
How many calories per gram of each? → Carbs: 4 cal/g, Proteins: 4 cal/g, Fats: 9 cal/g.
What does each do? → Carbs provide energy, proteins build and repair tissues, and fats
support cell function and absorb vitamins.
Micronutrients vs Macronutrients
,What is a micronutrient/macronutrient? → Macronutrients are needed in large amounts
(carbs, fats, proteins, water); micronutrients are needed in small amounts (vitamins, minerals).
What are examples of each → Macronutrients: carbs, proteins, fats, water; Micronutrients:
iron, calcium, vitamin A, vitamin C.
Vitamin Solubility
What is a water-soluble nutrient? Fat soluble? → Water-soluble vitamins dissolve in water
and are excreted easily; fat-soluble vitamins dissolve in fat and are stored in the body.
Which is which? → Water-soluble: B-complex, Vitamin C; Fat-soluble: Vitamins A, D, E, and
K.
Therapeutic Diets
What is a therapeutic diet? → A diet modified to meet specific health needs due to illness,
condition, or treatment goals.
What are the different therapeutic diets? → Includes clear liquid, full liquid, soft, low
sodium, low fat, diabetic (carb-controlled), renal, and high-protein diets.
What (which illnesses) are they used for? →
Low sodium: for hypertension heart failure
Low fat: for gallbladder disease cardiovascular disease
, Diabetic: for diabetes mellitus
Renal: for kidney disease
High-protein: for wound healing burns, or malnutrition
Soft diets: for patients with chewing/swallowing difficulties
Developmental Considerations for Nutrition
Infant → Needs breastmilk/formula; rapid growth requires high fat and fluid intake.
Toddler → Requires small frequent meals; at risk for picky eating and choking.
School aged → Needs balanced diet for steady growth and physical activity.
Adolescent → Increased calorie, protein, calcium, and iron needs due to rapid growth.
Adult → Nutritional needs stabilize; attention to portion sizes and nutrient density.
Pregnancy → Increased need for calories, protein, iron, folic acid, and calcium.
Older adult → Decreased appetite, taste changes, and risk of malnutrition due to chronic
illness or medications.
Cultural/Religious Considerations in Nutrition
Update Graded A+
What does waist circumference indicate? → It assesses abdominal fat; increased
measurements are associated with higher risk of heart disease, diabetes, and metabolic
syndrome.
BMR (Basal Metabolic Rate)
What is a BMR → The number of calories your body needs to maintain basic physiological
functions at rest.
When is it elevated? → BMR increases with fever, stress, hyperthyroidism, growth, and
pregnancy.
When is it decreased? → BMR decreases with aging, prolonged fasting, and hypothyroidism.
Macronutrients
What are carbohydrates fats, proteins? →, Macronutrients are nutrients needed in large
amounts for energy and body functions.
How many calories per gram of each? → Carbs: 4 cal/g, Proteins: 4 cal/g, Fats: 9 cal/g.
What does each do? → Carbs provide energy, proteins build and repair tissues, and fats
support cell function and absorb vitamins.
Micronutrients vs Macronutrients
,What is a micronutrient/macronutrient? → Macronutrients are needed in large amounts
(carbs, fats, proteins, water); micronutrients are needed in small amounts (vitamins, minerals).
What are examples of each → Macronutrients: carbs, proteins, fats, water; Micronutrients:
iron, calcium, vitamin A, vitamin C.
Vitamin Solubility
What is a water-soluble nutrient? Fat soluble? → Water-soluble vitamins dissolve in water
and are excreted easily; fat-soluble vitamins dissolve in fat and are stored in the body.
Which is which? → Water-soluble: B-complex, Vitamin C; Fat-soluble: Vitamins A, D, E, and
K.
Therapeutic Diets
What is a therapeutic diet? → A diet modified to meet specific health needs due to illness,
condition, or treatment goals.
What are the different therapeutic diets? → Includes clear liquid, full liquid, soft, low
sodium, low fat, diabetic (carb-controlled), renal, and high-protein diets.
What (which illnesses) are they used for? →
Low sodium: for hypertension heart failure
Low fat: for gallbladder disease cardiovascular disease
, Diabetic: for diabetes mellitus
Renal: for kidney disease
High-protein: for wound healing burns, or malnutrition
Soft diets: for patients with chewing/swallowing difficulties
Developmental Considerations for Nutrition
Infant → Needs breastmilk/formula; rapid growth requires high fat and fluid intake.
Toddler → Requires small frequent meals; at risk for picky eating and choking.
School aged → Needs balanced diet for steady growth and physical activity.
Adolescent → Increased calorie, protein, calcium, and iron needs due to rapid growth.
Adult → Nutritional needs stabilize; attention to portion sizes and nutrient density.
Pregnancy → Increased need for calories, protein, iron, folic acid, and calcium.
Older adult → Decreased appetite, taste changes, and risk of malnutrition due to chronic
illness or medications.
Cultural/Religious Considerations in Nutrition
