BIO 320 - EXAM 1
Host health is greatly influenced by its
BLANK , which is a community of mostly
bacteria, but also some fungi, protozoa,
and viruses, which are natural inhabi-
tants of surfaces in the human host. Pro-
microbiome
biotics and fecal transplants have been
investigated to treat digestive and ner-
vous system issues in individuals with a
deficiency or imbalance of this commu-
nity.
What are the two major outcomes of
the clinical trial process that determines
whether a new drug will be approved by
the FDA?
target population and cost safety efficacy
safety and efficacy
dosage and metabolism
adverse reactions and mortality
short-term and long-term benefits
During antigen presentation, the function
of the co-receptor is to recognize and
bind to:
MHC
MHC
B-cell receptor
T-cell receptor
nonself antigen
JAK
which state about innate immunity is
false?
Innate immunity include natural barriers
that limit entry of pathogens into the
host. innate immune cells have receptors that
innate immune cells use antigen presen- specifically recognize and bind to nonself
tation to activate adaptive immunity. antigens.
innate immunity alerts the host to the
present of harmful substances.
innate immune cells have receptors that
specifically recognize and bind to non-
, BIO 320 - EXAM 1
self antigens.
innate immune responses slow repro-
duction and spread of the pathogen until
adaptive immunity is activated.
Integral membrane proteins like MHC,
antigen receptors, and cytokine recep-
tors are synthesized in the BLANK, after
which they can be transported via cy-
toplasmic vesicles to the plasma mem-
brane. endoplasmic reticulum
cytosol
nucleus
golgi apparatus
endoplasmic reticulum
mitochondria
Toll-like receptors ( TLRs) are dimeric
structures that have three domains: a
transmembrane domain that anchors the
receptor in the membrane, a TIR domain
that initiates signal transduction in the binding to conserved microbial mole-
cytosol, and an LRR domain involved in: cules during infection
binding to adapter molecules during sig-
nal transduction.
binding to transcription factors during
signal transduction.
binding to a conserved microbial mole-
cules during infection.
binding to MHC during antigen presenta-
tion.
binding to co-receptors during antigen
presentation.
what is the functional role of Ig-alpha
and Ig-beta, which are membrane pro-
teins associated with B-cell receptors
(BCRs)? signal transduction
cytokine secretion
signal transduction
ligand binding
Host health is greatly influenced by its
BLANK , which is a community of mostly
bacteria, but also some fungi, protozoa,
and viruses, which are natural inhabi-
tants of surfaces in the human host. Pro-
microbiome
biotics and fecal transplants have been
investigated to treat digestive and ner-
vous system issues in individuals with a
deficiency or imbalance of this commu-
nity.
What are the two major outcomes of
the clinical trial process that determines
whether a new drug will be approved by
the FDA?
target population and cost safety efficacy
safety and efficacy
dosage and metabolism
adverse reactions and mortality
short-term and long-term benefits
During antigen presentation, the function
of the co-receptor is to recognize and
bind to:
MHC
MHC
B-cell receptor
T-cell receptor
nonself antigen
JAK
which state about innate immunity is
false?
Innate immunity include natural barriers
that limit entry of pathogens into the
host. innate immune cells have receptors that
innate immune cells use antigen presen- specifically recognize and bind to nonself
tation to activate adaptive immunity. antigens.
innate immunity alerts the host to the
present of harmful substances.
innate immune cells have receptors that
specifically recognize and bind to non-
, BIO 320 - EXAM 1
self antigens.
innate immune responses slow repro-
duction and spread of the pathogen until
adaptive immunity is activated.
Integral membrane proteins like MHC,
antigen receptors, and cytokine recep-
tors are synthesized in the BLANK, after
which they can be transported via cy-
toplasmic vesicles to the plasma mem-
brane. endoplasmic reticulum
cytosol
nucleus
golgi apparatus
endoplasmic reticulum
mitochondria
Toll-like receptors ( TLRs) are dimeric
structures that have three domains: a
transmembrane domain that anchors the
receptor in the membrane, a TIR domain
that initiates signal transduction in the binding to conserved microbial mole-
cytosol, and an LRR domain involved in: cules during infection
binding to adapter molecules during sig-
nal transduction.
binding to transcription factors during
signal transduction.
binding to a conserved microbial mole-
cules during infection.
binding to MHC during antigen presenta-
tion.
binding to co-receptors during antigen
presentation.
what is the functional role of Ig-alpha
and Ig-beta, which are membrane pro-
teins associated with B-cell receptors
(BCRs)? signal transduction
cytokine secretion
signal transduction
ligand binding
