Microbiology 211 - Exam 2 QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS 100% VERIFIED| LATEST
UPDATE GRADED A+
What does an increase in biofilm EPS production imply about bacterial resistance? Higher
resistance to antimicrobials and stress
What is an operon? A cluster of genes under the control of a single promoter and operator.
Which horizontal gene transfer method involves a pilus? Conjugation
What is generalized transduction? Phage accidentally packages host DNA and transfers it to
another cell.
How does a one-component system differ from a two-component system? A one-
component system has both sensing and regulatory domains in a single protein.
What is quorum sensing? A cell density-dependent regulatory system using autoinducers.
What is the first step in biofilm formation? Attachment to a surface
What is chemotaxis? Directed movement toward or away from chemical stimuli.
What is the role of autoinducers in quorum sensing? They accumulate with cell density and
activate gene expression.
What is the role of 16S rRNA sequencing? To identify and compare bacterial species in a
sample.
, What does an MIC test measure? The lowest concentration of antibiotic that inhibits visible
growth.
What is a broad-spectrum antibiotic? An antibiotic effective against a wide range of
bacteria.
What is bactericidal action? Kills bacteria
What is bacteriostatic action? Inhibits bacterial growth without killing
What does a disc diffusion assay show? Zones of inhibition indicating antibiotic
susceptibility.
What does a small zone of inhibition mean? Possible resistance to that antibiotic.
What is the significance of Koch's postulates? They determine if a microbe causes a disease.
What are capsules' roles in virulence? Prevent phagocytosis and help adhesion.
What is a sensor kinase's main function? Autophosphorylates in response to signals.
What does a response regulator do? Receives phosphate and regulates gene expression.
What is horizontal gene transfer? Transfer of genetic material between organisms outside
reproduction.
UPDATE GRADED A+
What does an increase in biofilm EPS production imply about bacterial resistance? Higher
resistance to antimicrobials and stress
What is an operon? A cluster of genes under the control of a single promoter and operator.
Which horizontal gene transfer method involves a pilus? Conjugation
What is generalized transduction? Phage accidentally packages host DNA and transfers it to
another cell.
How does a one-component system differ from a two-component system? A one-
component system has both sensing and regulatory domains in a single protein.
What is quorum sensing? A cell density-dependent regulatory system using autoinducers.
What is the first step in biofilm formation? Attachment to a surface
What is chemotaxis? Directed movement toward or away from chemical stimuli.
What is the role of autoinducers in quorum sensing? They accumulate with cell density and
activate gene expression.
What is the role of 16S rRNA sequencing? To identify and compare bacterial species in a
sample.
, What does an MIC test measure? The lowest concentration of antibiotic that inhibits visible
growth.
What is a broad-spectrum antibiotic? An antibiotic effective against a wide range of
bacteria.
What is bactericidal action? Kills bacteria
What is bacteriostatic action? Inhibits bacterial growth without killing
What does a disc diffusion assay show? Zones of inhibition indicating antibiotic
susceptibility.
What does a small zone of inhibition mean? Possible resistance to that antibiotic.
What is the significance of Koch's postulates? They determine if a microbe causes a disease.
What are capsules' roles in virulence? Prevent phagocytosis and help adhesion.
What is a sensor kinase's main function? Autophosphorylates in response to signals.
What does a response regulator do? Receives phosphate and regulates gene expression.
What is horizontal gene transfer? Transfer of genetic material between organisms outside
reproduction.
