Molecular Cell Biology EXAM 1 Advanced Questions And Correct Detailed Answers.

what is a genome? - correct answer all the DNA in the cell what is the cell theory? - correct answer All living things are made up of cells, cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things, new cells are produced from existing cells what is the major different between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? - correct answer prokaryotes lack membrane bound organelles which organelle is the site of cellular respiration? - correct answer mitochondria What type of microscope was used to generate this image of a neuron (green) and astrocytes (red)? - correct answer fluorescence microscope confocal microscope (colors) Which type of microscope was used to generate this image of red blood cells? - correct answer scanning electron microscope what does amphipathic mean? - correct answer the molecule has both a hydrophobic and hydrophilic region which molecule is amphipathic? - correct answer phospholipid if the atomic number is 12, how many protons will it have? - correct answer 12 interaction between polar water molecules is an example of what kinds of bonds? - correct answer hydrogen bonds what are electrostatic interactions? - correct answer what are van der Waals forces? - correct answer a slight attraction that develops between the oppositely charged regions of nearby molecules what is the bond that holds monosaccharides together as a polysaccharide? - correct answer glycosidic bond if fat is a solid at room temperature what is true of the fat? - correct answer the hydrocarbon tail only contains only single bonds between the carbons what are the components that make up an amino acid? - correct answer amino group carboxyl group side chain R peptide bonds - correct answer condensation reactions what is the main difference between peptides and a protein? - correct answer peptide is a string of amino acids that may or may not have a function but proteins have a function nucleotide vs nucleoside - correct answer what determines the conformation of molecules? - correct answer non covalent bonds electrostatic interactions hydrogen bonds van der Waals attractions hydrophobic interactions primary structure - correct answer amino acid sequence peptide bonds denaturing proteins - correct answer applying heat to unfold a protein What is the major driving force of protein folding? - correct answer hydrophobic forces What is the side chain of alanine? - correct answer methyl group (-CH3) What bond is formed between 2 amino acids and what reaction is used to join 2 amino acids? - correct answer Peptide bond, condensation reaction What is an example of secondary structure of a protein? - correct answer beta sheet, alpha helix What is the function of unstructured regions of proteins? - correct answer allows protein to bend and bind acts as scaffolding that hold domains together allows proteins to stretch and recoil tethers 2 domains together increasing the chance they will interact What is the function of chaperone proteins? - correct answer they help proteins fold into their correct form What is the function of mass spectroscopy? - correct answer to determine the structure of a protein using the relationship between the protein's charge and mass what are ligands? - correct answer a molecule that binds to proteins at their binding site, amino acid sequences determines the binding site what is the first step of an enzyme reaction? - correct answer the enzyme needs to bind to a ligand enzymes change during reactions but stay the same at the beginning and at the end - correct answer what are the ways enzymes encourage catalysis? - correct answer A B C what are proteasomes? - correct answer A giant protein complex that recognizes and destroys proteins tagged for elimination by the small protein ubiquitin. GTP proteins (G-binding)*** - correct answer