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Bio 1108 UCONN Final Exam questions and solutions

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Bio 1108 UCONN Final Exam questions and solutionsBio 1108 UCONN Final Exam questions and solutionsBio 1108 UCONN Final Exam questions and solutionsBio 1108 UCONN Final Exam questions and solutions

Institution
Bio 1108 UCONN F
Course
Bio 1108 UCONN F

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Bio 1108 UCONN Final Exam questions and solutions

genetic variation - answersrefers to differences in DNA sequences
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_________ are much more variable than humans - answersfruit flies vyvy vyvy vyvy vyvy vyvy vyvy vyvy vyvy vyvy




patterns of genetic variation can be described by ____________ - answersallele frequencies
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What can cause genetic variation? - answersa mutation
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two types of mutations - answerssomatic and germ line
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mutations can be ___________ - answersdeleterious, neutral, or advantageous
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recombination - answersgives new combinations not present in the parent population vyvy vyvy vyvy vyvy vyvy vyvy vyvy vyvy vyvy vyvy




allele frequency - answers# of copies of an allele / total # of alleles in a population
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What is the frequency of a in this population?
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50% aa 25 % Aa 25% aa - answers62.5%
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Evolution - answersa change in the frequency of alleles or genotypes in a population over time
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How do we measure "change" in the frequency of alleles or genotypes in a population over time? (3
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methods) - answers- observable physical traits
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- relative size of genes (gel electrophoresis)
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- specific genetic code (DNA sequencing)
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What is our baseline to compare against when determining if evolutionary change is significant? -
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answersHardy-Weinberg Equilibrium Model
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Conditions of HW Equilibrium (five) - answers- no differential survival or reproductive success of
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individuals
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- no migration
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- no mutation
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- large population size
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- no mate choice
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Natural Selection leads to __________ , which enhance the fit between an organism and its
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environment - answersadaptations
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Natural selection can be ___________, ____________, or _____________ - answerspositive,
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negative, or balancing
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natural selection - answersthe change in an allele's frequency over time based on that particular
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allele's impact on survival and reproduction
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Natural selection occurs when individuals with certain traits ____________ ________ ____________
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than do individuals without those traits. - answersproduce more offspring
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, heterozygote advantage - answerscase where the fitness of the heterozygote is superior to that of
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the homozygote
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3 kinds of natural selection - answersstabilizing selection, directional selection, disruptive selection
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stabilizing selection - answersselects against both extremesvyvy vyvy vyvy vyvy vyvy vyvy




directional selection - answersselects against one of the two extremes
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disruptive selection - answersselects against the mean vyvy vyvy vyvy vyvy vyvy vyvy




artificial selection - answersselection by a breeder rather than by competition
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____________, _______________, ____________ __________, and _________________ vyvy vyvy vyvy vyvy vyvy




_____________ are non adaptive mechanisms of evolution - answersmigration, mutation, genetic
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drift, non-random mating
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small populations have problems with ______ because random events have a disproportionately
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heavy impact - answersdrift
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genetic drift - answersa random change in allele frequency
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drift leads to loss (or gain) of ___________ ___________ and therefore a decrease (or increase) in
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_____________ - answersrandom alleles, availability
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2 examples of drift - answersfounder effect and population bottleneck
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genetic drift can be caused by any event or process that involves ___________ __________, not
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just the sampling of gametes that occurs during fertilization - answerssampling error
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founder event - answersoccurs when a group starts a new population in a new area
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Especially in small groups, allele frequencies probably differ from the source population; this change
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in allele frequencies is called a _____________ __________ - answersfounder effect
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population bottleneck - answersa sudden decrease in population size
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population bottlenecks lead to ______________ ______________ - answersgenetic bottlenecks
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genetic bottleneck - answersa sudden reduction in the number of alleles in a population
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gene flow - answersthe movement of alleles among and between populations due to
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immigration/emigration
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result of gene flow - answersincreased genetic variability and potential change in allele frequencies
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gene flow ________ variability - answersincreases
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mutation - answersrandom change in base pair vyvy vyvy vyvy vyvy vyvy vyvy




Most evolutionary mechanisms _________ genetic diversity, mutations ________ genetic diversity by
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creating new alleles - answersreduce, increase
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Mutation is random with respect to the ________ of the allele - answersfitness
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