BIOD331 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM LATEST 2025 WITH
CORRECT QUESTIONS AND DETAILED ANSWERS/ALREADY GRADED A+
Taking your child to the pediatrician for their annual well check-up and keeping up with the
recommended vaccination schedule would be an example of: - CORRECT ANSWER-Primary
prevention
James is being seen for his first colonoscopy. He turned 50 this year, and his father recently
passed away from colon cancer at age 85. This would be an example of: - CORRECT ANSWER-
Secondary prevention
True/False: Metaplastic cells are not better prepared to survive under stressful circumstances -
CORRECT ANSWER-False
You are seeing a patient in your clinic who recently suffered a TIA. Recent diagnostic tests
revealed that he has atrial fibrillation. You decide to put him on a blood thinner to prevent a
future neurologic event. This would be an example of: - CORRECT ANSWER-Tertiary prevention
Fill in the blank: ________ propel chyme along the small intestine toward the large intestine in
one direction. - CORRECT ANSWER-Peristaltic movements
Fill in the blank: ___________ occlude small portions of the intestinal lumen to push digestive
contents forward and backward - CORRECT ANSWER-Segmentation Waves
True or False: Peristaltic movements occur in two directions. - CORRECT ANSWER-False, one
direction
True/False: Hypertrophy can occur under normal and pathological conditions. - CORRECT
ANSWER-True
,You are reading results from a recent blood panel for Fred, a 76-year-old male. His hemoglobin
levels are 15.5 g/dL. Would this be considered a normal or abnormal value? - CORRECT
ANSWER-Normal
Which are true of the mitochondria? Select all that apply. - CORRECT ANSWER-It is involved in
cellular respiration
They play a role in apoptosis
Which is NOT true of the cytoskeleton? - CORRECT ANSWER-It includes peroxisomes and
proteasomes
Which of the following is an active form of Vitamin D? - CORRECT ANSWER-25-
hydroxycholecalciferol
Which of the following is an inactive form of Vitamin D? - CORRECT ANSWER-Cholecalciferol
Which of the following is synthesized in the kidney and regulates the differentiation of red blood
cells within bone marrow? - CORRECT ANSWER-Erythropoietin
You are reading results from a recent blood panel for Susan, a 48-year-old female. Her
hemoglobin levels are 7 g/dL. Would this be considered a normal or abnormal value? - CORRECT
ANSWER-Abnormal. Normal Hemoglobin levels for a female is 12-15 g/dL
You are reading results from a recent blood panel for Jane, a 37-year-old female. Her
hemoglobin levels are 13 g/dL. Would this be considered a normal or abnormal value? -
CORRECT ANSWER-Normal
,Which are true of the cell membrane? Select all that apply. - CORRECT ANSWER-Controls the
transport of materials from the outside fluids to within
Helps with the conduction of electrical currents in nerve and muscle cells
Aids in the regulation of cell growth and proliferation
True or False. If false, explain why the statement is false.
A benign neoplasm invades and destroys tissue and possesses a rapid rate of growth. - CORRECT
ANSWER-False. A malignant neoplasm invades and destroys tissues and possesses a rapid rate
of growth.
OR
A benign neoplasm resembles the cells of the tissues of origin and possesses a slow rate of
growth.
True or False. If false, explain why the statement is false.
A malignant neoplasm resembles the cells of the tissues of origin and possesses a slow rate of
growth. - CORRECT ANSWER-False. A benign neoplasm resembles the cells of the tissues of
origin and possesses a slow rate of growth.
OR
A malignant neoplasm invades and destroys tissue and possesses a rapid rate of growth.
List 2 differences between benign and malignant neoplasms. - CORRECT ANSWER-Any
combination of the following - Benign tumors are well-differentiated cells, resemble the cells of
tissues of origin, and have a slow, progressive rate of growth. They grow by expansion and
remain localized to their site of origin, not capable of metastasizing. Malignant neoplasms
invade and destroy tissue. They grow rapidly, spread to other parts of the body, and lack well-
defined margins. They can compress blood vessels and outgrow their blood supply, causing
ischemia and tissue injury.
Compare and contrast the two types of gangrenous necrosis. - CORRECT ANSWER-In dry
gangrene the affected tissue becomes dry and shrinks, the skin wrinkles, and its color changes
, to dark brown or black. The spread of dry gangrene is slow. It results from a cut-off in arterial
blood supply and is a form of coagulation necrosis. In wet gangrene, the affected area is cold,
swollen, and pulseless. The skin is moist, black, and under tension. Blebs form on the surface,
liquefaction occurs, and a foul odor is caused by bacterial action. The spread of tissue damage is
rapid.
You are talking to your patient who has been recently diagnosed with Osteoporosis. They
mentioned that they joined a Silver Sneakers program at their local gym because they read that
weight-bearing exercise promotes bone density. What word of caution would you give to them
as they participate in this program? - CORRECT ANSWER-While weight-bearing exercises have
been shown to increase bone density, they should be done in a safe way, minimizing the risk for
falls as they are at increased risk for fracture with a diagnosis of osteoporosis.
Which of the following are most likely to have arisen from an adult stem cell? - CORRECT
ANSWER-Epithelial
Each of the following is characteristic of Addison's Disease except? - CORRECT ANSWER-
Emotional disturbances
Signs and symptoms of Addison's disease include each of the following EXCEPT: - CORRECT
ANSWER-Hyperglycemia
Which of the following would you expect to find if someone has Addison's Disease? Select all
that apply. - CORRECT ANSWER-Decreased cortisol levels
Hyperpigmentation of the skin
Which of the following would you expect to find if someone has Cushing's Disease? Select all
that apply. - CORRECT ANSWER-Increased cortisol levels
Buffalo hump
CORRECT QUESTIONS AND DETAILED ANSWERS/ALREADY GRADED A+
Taking your child to the pediatrician for their annual well check-up and keeping up with the
recommended vaccination schedule would be an example of: - CORRECT ANSWER-Primary
prevention
James is being seen for his first colonoscopy. He turned 50 this year, and his father recently
passed away from colon cancer at age 85. This would be an example of: - CORRECT ANSWER-
Secondary prevention
True/False: Metaplastic cells are not better prepared to survive under stressful circumstances -
CORRECT ANSWER-False
You are seeing a patient in your clinic who recently suffered a TIA. Recent diagnostic tests
revealed that he has atrial fibrillation. You decide to put him on a blood thinner to prevent a
future neurologic event. This would be an example of: - CORRECT ANSWER-Tertiary prevention
Fill in the blank: ________ propel chyme along the small intestine toward the large intestine in
one direction. - CORRECT ANSWER-Peristaltic movements
Fill in the blank: ___________ occlude small portions of the intestinal lumen to push digestive
contents forward and backward - CORRECT ANSWER-Segmentation Waves
True or False: Peristaltic movements occur in two directions. - CORRECT ANSWER-False, one
direction
True/False: Hypertrophy can occur under normal and pathological conditions. - CORRECT
ANSWER-True
,You are reading results from a recent blood panel for Fred, a 76-year-old male. His hemoglobin
levels are 15.5 g/dL. Would this be considered a normal or abnormal value? - CORRECT
ANSWER-Normal
Which are true of the mitochondria? Select all that apply. - CORRECT ANSWER-It is involved in
cellular respiration
They play a role in apoptosis
Which is NOT true of the cytoskeleton? - CORRECT ANSWER-It includes peroxisomes and
proteasomes
Which of the following is an active form of Vitamin D? - CORRECT ANSWER-25-
hydroxycholecalciferol
Which of the following is an inactive form of Vitamin D? - CORRECT ANSWER-Cholecalciferol
Which of the following is synthesized in the kidney and regulates the differentiation of red blood
cells within bone marrow? - CORRECT ANSWER-Erythropoietin
You are reading results from a recent blood panel for Susan, a 48-year-old female. Her
hemoglobin levels are 7 g/dL. Would this be considered a normal or abnormal value? - CORRECT
ANSWER-Abnormal. Normal Hemoglobin levels for a female is 12-15 g/dL
You are reading results from a recent blood panel for Jane, a 37-year-old female. Her
hemoglobin levels are 13 g/dL. Would this be considered a normal or abnormal value? -
CORRECT ANSWER-Normal
,Which are true of the cell membrane? Select all that apply. - CORRECT ANSWER-Controls the
transport of materials from the outside fluids to within
Helps with the conduction of electrical currents in nerve and muscle cells
Aids in the regulation of cell growth and proliferation
True or False. If false, explain why the statement is false.
A benign neoplasm invades and destroys tissue and possesses a rapid rate of growth. - CORRECT
ANSWER-False. A malignant neoplasm invades and destroys tissues and possesses a rapid rate
of growth.
OR
A benign neoplasm resembles the cells of the tissues of origin and possesses a slow rate of
growth.
True or False. If false, explain why the statement is false.
A malignant neoplasm resembles the cells of the tissues of origin and possesses a slow rate of
growth. - CORRECT ANSWER-False. A benign neoplasm resembles the cells of the tissues of
origin and possesses a slow rate of growth.
OR
A malignant neoplasm invades and destroys tissue and possesses a rapid rate of growth.
List 2 differences between benign and malignant neoplasms. - CORRECT ANSWER-Any
combination of the following - Benign tumors are well-differentiated cells, resemble the cells of
tissues of origin, and have a slow, progressive rate of growth. They grow by expansion and
remain localized to their site of origin, not capable of metastasizing. Malignant neoplasms
invade and destroy tissue. They grow rapidly, spread to other parts of the body, and lack well-
defined margins. They can compress blood vessels and outgrow their blood supply, causing
ischemia and tissue injury.
Compare and contrast the two types of gangrenous necrosis. - CORRECT ANSWER-In dry
gangrene the affected tissue becomes dry and shrinks, the skin wrinkles, and its color changes
, to dark brown or black. The spread of dry gangrene is slow. It results from a cut-off in arterial
blood supply and is a form of coagulation necrosis. In wet gangrene, the affected area is cold,
swollen, and pulseless. The skin is moist, black, and under tension. Blebs form on the surface,
liquefaction occurs, and a foul odor is caused by bacterial action. The spread of tissue damage is
rapid.
You are talking to your patient who has been recently diagnosed with Osteoporosis. They
mentioned that they joined a Silver Sneakers program at their local gym because they read that
weight-bearing exercise promotes bone density. What word of caution would you give to them
as they participate in this program? - CORRECT ANSWER-While weight-bearing exercises have
been shown to increase bone density, they should be done in a safe way, minimizing the risk for
falls as they are at increased risk for fracture with a diagnosis of osteoporosis.
Which of the following are most likely to have arisen from an adult stem cell? - CORRECT
ANSWER-Epithelial
Each of the following is characteristic of Addison's Disease except? - CORRECT ANSWER-
Emotional disturbances
Signs and symptoms of Addison's disease include each of the following EXCEPT: - CORRECT
ANSWER-Hyperglycemia
Which of the following would you expect to find if someone has Addison's Disease? Select all
that apply. - CORRECT ANSWER-Decreased cortisol levels
Hyperpigmentation of the skin
Which of the following would you expect to find if someone has Cushing's Disease? Select all
that apply. - CORRECT ANSWER-Increased cortisol levels
Buffalo hump
