GNRS 582A Altered Cellular and Tissue
Biology Exam Questions With correct
Answers
Cellular |Adaptation |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Cell's |response |to |escape |and |protect |itself |from |injury
Atrophy |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-decrease |in |cell |size
Hypertrophy |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-increase |in |cell |size
Hyperplasia |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-increase |in |cell |number |caused |by |increased |rate |of |cellular |
division
Metaplasia |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-reversible |replacement |of |one |mature |cell |type |by |another |less |
mature |cell |type; |involves |the |reprogramming |of |stem |cells, |can |occur |in |response |to |chronic |
irritation |and |inflammation |(smoking |or |GERD)
Dysplasia |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-deranged |cell |growth |of |a |specific |tissue |that |results |in |cells |that |
vary |in |size, |shape, |and |organization; |it |is |not |a |true |adaptive |change |but |rather |an |atypical |
hyperplasia
Atrophy |can |be |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-physiologic |(early |development) |or |pathologic |(decrease |
workload) |and |can |refer |to |an |organ |or |a |tissue
Hypertrophy |can |be |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-in |response |to |mechanical |stimuli; |and |can |refer |to |an |
organ |or |a |tissue; |cells |o |the |heart |and |kidney |are |especially |prone |to |enlargement
Frank-Starling |Law |of |the |Heart |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-relationship |between |the |length |of |the |cardia
|muscle |fiber |and |the |strength |of |the |contraction; |the |greater |the |stretch |the |stronger |the |
contraction.
, Physiological |Hypertrophy |is... |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-temporary |and |reversible
Hypertrophy |of |kidney |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-when |a |kidney |is |removed, |the |remaining |kidney |
adapts |to |the |increased |workload |by |increasing |both |in |size |and |cell |size
Pathological |Hypertrophy |is... |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-irreversible
Physiological |Hyperplasia |is... |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-reversible; |compensatory |9some |organs |can |
regenerate) |or |hormonal |(occurs |in |breast |and |uterus)
Pathologic |Hyperplasia |is... |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-irreversible; |abnormal |proliferation |of |normal |cells
|in |response |to |excessive |hormonal |or |growth |factor |on |target |cells.
Dysplasia |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-refers |to |abnormal |changes |in |the |size, |shape, |and |organization |of |
mature |cells; |often |called |atypical |hyperplasia
Ischemia |/ |Injury |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Reversible; |injured |cells |recover
Infarct |/ |necrosis |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-not |reversible; |injured |cells |die
6 |Systemic |Signs |of |Cellular |Injury |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-1 |-Fatigue |and |malaise
2-Altered |appetite
3-Fecer
4-Leukocytes
5-Increased |heart |rate
6-Pain
Cellular |Injury |can |occur |with... |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔--Hypoxia
-Free |radicals |and |reactive |oxygen |species |(ROS)
-Chemical |or |Toxic |injury
Biology Exam Questions With correct
Answers
Cellular |Adaptation |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Cell's |response |to |escape |and |protect |itself |from |injury
Atrophy |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-decrease |in |cell |size
Hypertrophy |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-increase |in |cell |size
Hyperplasia |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-increase |in |cell |number |caused |by |increased |rate |of |cellular |
division
Metaplasia |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-reversible |replacement |of |one |mature |cell |type |by |another |less |
mature |cell |type; |involves |the |reprogramming |of |stem |cells, |can |occur |in |response |to |chronic |
irritation |and |inflammation |(smoking |or |GERD)
Dysplasia |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-deranged |cell |growth |of |a |specific |tissue |that |results |in |cells |that |
vary |in |size, |shape, |and |organization; |it |is |not |a |true |adaptive |change |but |rather |an |atypical |
hyperplasia
Atrophy |can |be |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-physiologic |(early |development) |or |pathologic |(decrease |
workload) |and |can |refer |to |an |organ |or |a |tissue
Hypertrophy |can |be |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-in |response |to |mechanical |stimuli; |and |can |refer |to |an |
organ |or |a |tissue; |cells |o |the |heart |and |kidney |are |especially |prone |to |enlargement
Frank-Starling |Law |of |the |Heart |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-relationship |between |the |length |of |the |cardia
|muscle |fiber |and |the |strength |of |the |contraction; |the |greater |the |stretch |the |stronger |the |
contraction.
, Physiological |Hypertrophy |is... |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-temporary |and |reversible
Hypertrophy |of |kidney |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-when |a |kidney |is |removed, |the |remaining |kidney |
adapts |to |the |increased |workload |by |increasing |both |in |size |and |cell |size
Pathological |Hypertrophy |is... |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-irreversible
Physiological |Hyperplasia |is... |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-reversible; |compensatory |9some |organs |can |
regenerate) |or |hormonal |(occurs |in |breast |and |uterus)
Pathologic |Hyperplasia |is... |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-irreversible; |abnormal |proliferation |of |normal |cells
|in |response |to |excessive |hormonal |or |growth |factor |on |target |cells.
Dysplasia |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-refers |to |abnormal |changes |in |the |size, |shape, |and |organization |of |
mature |cells; |often |called |atypical |hyperplasia
Ischemia |/ |Injury |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Reversible; |injured |cells |recover
Infarct |/ |necrosis |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-not |reversible; |injured |cells |die
6 |Systemic |Signs |of |Cellular |Injury |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-1 |-Fatigue |and |malaise
2-Altered |appetite
3-Fecer
4-Leukocytes
5-Increased |heart |rate
6-Pain
Cellular |Injury |can |occur |with... |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔--Hypoxia
-Free |radicals |and |reactive |oxygen |species |(ROS)
-Chemical |or |Toxic |injury
