BIO 669 Exam 3 questions and answers
graded A+ already passed
The ventilation-perfusion ratio is the same in the lung apex and the lung base in a standing
normal person. True or False - correct answer ✔✔False. In a standing normal person, the
ventilation-perfusion ratio is higher in the lung base compared to the lung apex. This is due to
the effects of gravity, which leads to better ventilation at the base of the lungs where perfusion
is also relatively higher.
Vital Capacity is comprised of all of the following volumes EXCEPT:
Residual Volume
Tidal Volume
Inspiratory reserve volume
Expiratory reserve volume - correct answer ✔✔Residual Volume, Vital Capacity is the maximum
amount of air a person can expel from the lungs after a maximum inhalation.
It includes Tidal Volume, Inspiratory Reserve Volume, and Expiratory Reserve Volume.
Residual Volume, however, is the volume of air still remaining in the lungs after the most
forcible expiration.
How is most of the CO2 transported in the blood? - correct answer ✔✔As bicarbonate (HCO3-)
that can be converted back to CO2.
Most of the CO2 in the blood is transported in the form of bicarbonate ions (HCO3-) dissolved in
the plasma. This bicarbonate can be converted back to CO2 in tissues where it is needed for
elimination through respiration.
, The amount of quiet inhalation/exhalation in a typical breath is termed what? - correct answer
✔✔Tidal Volume
How is alveolar volume measured? - correct answer ✔✔indirectly by measuring PaO2 or PaCO2.
Which of the following does NOT have cartilage as part of its structure?
Right mainstem bronchus
Respiratory Bronchioles
Trachea
Segmented bronchioles - correct answer ✔✔Respiratory bronchioles do not have cartilage as
part of their structure. Cartilage is present in the trachea and the mainstem bronchi but is
gradually reduced in the smaller airways, such as the bronchioles, and is absent in the
respiratory bronchioles.
Which of the following pulmonary conditions would not be considered as an Acute Lung Injury
(ALI)/Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
-Sepsis leading to pulmonary dysfunction and hypoxemia.
-Multiple traumas leading to pulmonary dysfunction and hypoxemia.
-Aortic stenosis leading to left sided heart failure and pulmonary dysfunction/hypoxemia.
-Aspiration pneumonia leading to pulmonary dysfunction and hypoxemi - correct answer
✔✔Aortic stenosis leading to left-sided heart failure and pulmonary dysfunction/hypoxemia
would not typically be considered Acute Lung Injury (ALI) or Acute Respiratory Distress
Syndrome (ARDS).
ALI/ARDS are primarily characterized by direct injury to the lung parenchyma or indirect injury
through systemic inflammation, resulting in severe hypoxemia and non-cardiogenic pulmonary
edema. While left-sided heart failure can lead to pulmonary congestion and hypoxemia, it is not
the primary mechanism of injury seen in ALI/ARDS.
graded A+ already passed
The ventilation-perfusion ratio is the same in the lung apex and the lung base in a standing
normal person. True or False - correct answer ✔✔False. In a standing normal person, the
ventilation-perfusion ratio is higher in the lung base compared to the lung apex. This is due to
the effects of gravity, which leads to better ventilation at the base of the lungs where perfusion
is also relatively higher.
Vital Capacity is comprised of all of the following volumes EXCEPT:
Residual Volume
Tidal Volume
Inspiratory reserve volume
Expiratory reserve volume - correct answer ✔✔Residual Volume, Vital Capacity is the maximum
amount of air a person can expel from the lungs after a maximum inhalation.
It includes Tidal Volume, Inspiratory Reserve Volume, and Expiratory Reserve Volume.
Residual Volume, however, is the volume of air still remaining in the lungs after the most
forcible expiration.
How is most of the CO2 transported in the blood? - correct answer ✔✔As bicarbonate (HCO3-)
that can be converted back to CO2.
Most of the CO2 in the blood is transported in the form of bicarbonate ions (HCO3-) dissolved in
the plasma. This bicarbonate can be converted back to CO2 in tissues where it is needed for
elimination through respiration.
, The amount of quiet inhalation/exhalation in a typical breath is termed what? - correct answer
✔✔Tidal Volume
How is alveolar volume measured? - correct answer ✔✔indirectly by measuring PaO2 or PaCO2.
Which of the following does NOT have cartilage as part of its structure?
Right mainstem bronchus
Respiratory Bronchioles
Trachea
Segmented bronchioles - correct answer ✔✔Respiratory bronchioles do not have cartilage as
part of their structure. Cartilage is present in the trachea and the mainstem bronchi but is
gradually reduced in the smaller airways, such as the bronchioles, and is absent in the
respiratory bronchioles.
Which of the following pulmonary conditions would not be considered as an Acute Lung Injury
(ALI)/Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
-Sepsis leading to pulmonary dysfunction and hypoxemia.
-Multiple traumas leading to pulmonary dysfunction and hypoxemia.
-Aortic stenosis leading to left sided heart failure and pulmonary dysfunction/hypoxemia.
-Aspiration pneumonia leading to pulmonary dysfunction and hypoxemi - correct answer
✔✔Aortic stenosis leading to left-sided heart failure and pulmonary dysfunction/hypoxemia
would not typically be considered Acute Lung Injury (ALI) or Acute Respiratory Distress
Syndrome (ARDS).
ALI/ARDS are primarily characterized by direct injury to the lung parenchyma or indirect injury
through systemic inflammation, resulting in severe hypoxemia and non-cardiogenic pulmonary
edema. While left-sided heart failure can lead to pulmonary congestion and hypoxemia, it is not
the primary mechanism of injury seen in ALI/ARDS.
