AP BIOLOGY EXAM FRQ'S AND
ANSWERS
(Unit 3) Depending on the organism, the optimal pH for enolase to catalyze its reaction
is between 6.5 and 8.0. Describe how a pH below or above this range is likely to affect
enolase and its catalytic ability. - Answer-A pH below or above the range of 6.5- 8.0 will
most likely cause enolase to denature/change its shape and be less efficient or unable
to catalyze the reaction.
(Unit 3) Identify the appropriate negative control the researchers most likely used when
measuring the reaction rate in the presence of each organism's enolase. - Answer-The
appropriate negative control is to measure the reaction rate (at the varying substrate
concentrations) without any enzyme present.
(Unit 3) The researchers predict that for any particular concentration of substrate, the C.
aurantiacus enolase-catalyzed reaction is more rapid at 55°C than at 37°C. Provide
reasoning to justify the researchers' prediction. - Answer-The enolase has a more
stable/functional/correct/normal protein structure at the higher temperature of 55°C than
at 37°C because the enzyme is from an organism that is adapted to growth at 55°C.
(Unit 1) Describe the role of carbon in biological systems. - Answer-Carbon is used to
build biological macromolecules such as carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, and
lipids.
(Unit 1) Explain how, when the membranes are fused, the polar parts of the
phospholipids from one cell will interact with the phospholipids from the other cell and
how the nonpolar parts of the phospholipids from one cell will interact with the
phospholipids from the other cell. - Answer-When the membranes are fused, the polar
parts of the phospholipids (hydrophilic head) from one cell to the other dissolves in
water and forming hydrogen bonds with the water. The non polar parts of the
phospholipids (hydrophobic tail) from one cell to the other avoids water. They create a
lipid bilayer where the hydrophobic tails are between the hydrophilic heads. When this
layer is formed the heads are exposed to water while the tails only interact with other
tails not the water.
(Unit 1) Make a claim about the most immediate effect on the fused B-cancer cells if the
fused cells are transferred to a growth medium that lacks a source of nitrogen. -
Answer-The denature of the B-cancer cells would be the most immediate effect if the
fused cells are transferred to a growth medium that lacks a source of nitrogen. The cells
will either die OR be unable to synthesize DNA and RNA/nucleic acids/nucleotides and
amino.
(Unit 1) Provide reasoning with evidence based on the composition of biological
macromolecules to support your claim. - Answer-Nitrogen is a part of the base
ANSWERS
(Unit 3) Depending on the organism, the optimal pH for enolase to catalyze its reaction
is between 6.5 and 8.0. Describe how a pH below or above this range is likely to affect
enolase and its catalytic ability. - Answer-A pH below or above the range of 6.5- 8.0 will
most likely cause enolase to denature/change its shape and be less efficient or unable
to catalyze the reaction.
(Unit 3) Identify the appropriate negative control the researchers most likely used when
measuring the reaction rate in the presence of each organism's enolase. - Answer-The
appropriate negative control is to measure the reaction rate (at the varying substrate
concentrations) without any enzyme present.
(Unit 3) The researchers predict that for any particular concentration of substrate, the C.
aurantiacus enolase-catalyzed reaction is more rapid at 55°C than at 37°C. Provide
reasoning to justify the researchers' prediction. - Answer-The enolase has a more
stable/functional/correct/normal protein structure at the higher temperature of 55°C than
at 37°C because the enzyme is from an organism that is adapted to growth at 55°C.
(Unit 1) Describe the role of carbon in biological systems. - Answer-Carbon is used to
build biological macromolecules such as carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, and
lipids.
(Unit 1) Explain how, when the membranes are fused, the polar parts of the
phospholipids from one cell will interact with the phospholipids from the other cell and
how the nonpolar parts of the phospholipids from one cell will interact with the
phospholipids from the other cell. - Answer-When the membranes are fused, the polar
parts of the phospholipids (hydrophilic head) from one cell to the other dissolves in
water and forming hydrogen bonds with the water. The non polar parts of the
phospholipids (hydrophobic tail) from one cell to the other avoids water. They create a
lipid bilayer where the hydrophobic tails are between the hydrophilic heads. When this
layer is formed the heads are exposed to water while the tails only interact with other
tails not the water.
(Unit 1) Make a claim about the most immediate effect on the fused B-cancer cells if the
fused cells are transferred to a growth medium that lacks a source of nitrogen. -
Answer-The denature of the B-cancer cells would be the most immediate effect if the
fused cells are transferred to a growth medium that lacks a source of nitrogen. The cells
will either die OR be unable to synthesize DNA and RNA/nucleic acids/nucleotides and
amino.
(Unit 1) Provide reasoning with evidence based on the composition of biological
macromolecules to support your claim. - Answer-Nitrogen is a part of the base
