CATEGORY 3A+3B PESTICIDE EVALUATION EXAM 2025
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS RATED A+
✔✔Conidia - ✔✔An asexually produced single-celled reporductive or resting body
produced by a fungus.
✔✔Conk - ✔✔A shelf-like structure of wood-decaying fungi that contains fungal fruiting
bodies.
✔✔Contact fungicide - ✔✔Fungicides that stay on the surface of the plant parts and do
not move through the tissues of the plant. They must contact the fungus on the plant or
prevent it from entering the plant by forming a barrier to work.
✔✔Cornicles - ✔✔The pair of "tailpipes" on the top and to the rear of the abdomen that
are unique to aphids. Cornicles produce alarm chemicals to warn other aphids of
approaching danger.
✔✔Cotyledon - ✔✔A significant part of the embryo of a plant seed. Cotyledons may
become the first "leaves" of a plant and may be photosynthetic, althought they are not
true leaves. Monocots such as grasses have a single cotyledon and dicots such as
broadleaved plants have two cotyledons.
✔✔Creeping perennials - ✔✔Plants that repoduce by way of underground plant parts
such as rhizomes, stolons, tubers (swollen underground stems", bulbs and creeping
roots.
✔✔Cultivar - ✔✔Plants of the same species that are bred empasize different
characteristics. Also called PLANT VARIETIES.
✔✔Cultural control - ✔✔The practice of modifying a plant's growing environment to
reduce unwanted pests (for example, by changing fertility levels, irrigation practices,
sunlight exposure, mowing height or temperature).
✔✔Curatives - ✔✔A type of pesticide that will remove a pest after it has begun to attack
a plant. this is different from preventive pesticides, which must be applies before the
pest arrives in order to work.
✔✔Cuticle - ✔✔The outermost layer of cells of an insect's exoskeleton and the waxy
layer covering it.
✔✔Defoliation - ✔✔The premature loss of leaves of a plant. This can be from some of
the leaves completely dropping of or from parts of leaves being eaten by insects. On
woody deciduous plants, the leaves generally will reappear with the next growing
season.
,✔✔Degree days - ✔✔Name for one method of measuring the occurrence of
temperatures above a growth threshold. Accumulated degree days are a good way to
determine when certain events will occur, such as a certain insect hatching or certain
plants flowering.
✔✔Depredation permit - ✔✔A permit to kill species of birds or vertebrates that are
causing damage to plants or property.
✔✔Developmental stages - ✔✔The distinct phases of growth for a plant (seedling,
vegetative, seed production, maturity) or insect (egg, larva, pupa and adult).
✔✔dieback - ✔✔Overall crown decline characterized by branch and leaf death of a tree
or shrub that is caused by disease or insect feeding.
✔✔Diluent - ✔✔Something used to dilute a concentrate. Rinsate 9the water or other
liquid used to rinse pesticide contaqiners) can be used as a diluent (diluting agent)
when a fresh solution of the same type of pesticide is mixed.
✔✔Disease - ✔✔A pathological condition affecting a part, orgaan or system of an
organism that results from various causes (such as infection, genetic defect or
environmental stress) and is characterized by an identifiable group of signs or
symptoms.
✔✔Disease pyramid - ✔✔A diagram showing the interrelationship of the four factors
(the presence of a pathogen, appropriate environmental conditions, an appropriate host
for the pathogen and time) required for a desease to develop.
✔✔Disorder - ✔✔A plant problem caused by unfavorable growing conditions
✔✔DNR - ✔✔Department of natural resources
✔✔Drift - ✔✔When a pesticide is blown off target by the wind.
✔✔Drift management plan - ✔✔A plan that can be presented to surrounding property
owners of a property to be treated that covers the toxicity of the pesticide, how it will be
applied and what steeps if any will be taken if applications are made on a day when the
application could drift onto adjacent properties.
✔✔Dripline - ✔✔The farthest extent of a tree or shrub canopy.
✔✔Drop spreader - ✔✔An applicator for granular formulations that places the chemical
evenly in a swatch as wide as the bottom of the spreader.
, ✔✔Economimc injury level - ✔✔The lowest density of pests at which damage caused
by the pest can be measured.
✔✔Economic threshold - ✔✔The density of pests at which the cost to manage a pest is
equal to the losses that pest causes.
✔✔Endoparasitic - ✔✔A parasite that lives inside the host.
✔✔Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) - ✔✔The federal agency responsible for
regulating pesticide sale, use and registration.
✔✔Epicormic shoots - ✔✔"Sucker" growth that originates low on a bush or tree or from
its rootstock and is often the result of a physical injury or insects feeding under the bark
and restricting water and nutrient flow.
✔✔Federal Depredation Permit - ✔✔A permit issued by the U.S Department of
Fisheries and Wildlife that landowners must have before starting any control activies
directed against migratory birds.
✔✔Federal insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) - ✔✔The federal law
that covers the registration and use of pesticides in the United States.
✔✔Flagging - ✔✔Wilting or drooping of branches or stems.
✔✔Foliar application - ✔✔A pesticide application made to the leaves of a plant.
✔✔Formulation - ✔✔The form in which a pesiticide is purchased. Common formulations
are powdered and liquid concentrates, granular formulations designed to be applied
without mixing with water, and pre-diluted, ready-to-apply liquid formulations generally
for use by homeowners.
✔✔Frass - ✔✔Insect excrement.
✔✔Frost Pocket - ✔✔A local spot that may be prtected from wind and where front may
develop before it does in the surrounding areas.
✔✔Fungi - ✔✔The taxonomic kingdom that includes yeasts, molds and mushrooms.
fungi do not contain chlorophyll. Several speciare are plant pathogens.
✔✔Fungicide - ✔✔A pesticide that is formulated to control fungal diseases.
✔✔Gall - ✔✔An abnormal swelling of plant tissue caused by the presence of
microorganisms or insects.
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS RATED A+
✔✔Conidia - ✔✔An asexually produced single-celled reporductive or resting body
produced by a fungus.
✔✔Conk - ✔✔A shelf-like structure of wood-decaying fungi that contains fungal fruiting
bodies.
✔✔Contact fungicide - ✔✔Fungicides that stay on the surface of the plant parts and do
not move through the tissues of the plant. They must contact the fungus on the plant or
prevent it from entering the plant by forming a barrier to work.
✔✔Cornicles - ✔✔The pair of "tailpipes" on the top and to the rear of the abdomen that
are unique to aphids. Cornicles produce alarm chemicals to warn other aphids of
approaching danger.
✔✔Cotyledon - ✔✔A significant part of the embryo of a plant seed. Cotyledons may
become the first "leaves" of a plant and may be photosynthetic, althought they are not
true leaves. Monocots such as grasses have a single cotyledon and dicots such as
broadleaved plants have two cotyledons.
✔✔Creeping perennials - ✔✔Plants that repoduce by way of underground plant parts
such as rhizomes, stolons, tubers (swollen underground stems", bulbs and creeping
roots.
✔✔Cultivar - ✔✔Plants of the same species that are bred empasize different
characteristics. Also called PLANT VARIETIES.
✔✔Cultural control - ✔✔The practice of modifying a plant's growing environment to
reduce unwanted pests (for example, by changing fertility levels, irrigation practices,
sunlight exposure, mowing height or temperature).
✔✔Curatives - ✔✔A type of pesticide that will remove a pest after it has begun to attack
a plant. this is different from preventive pesticides, which must be applies before the
pest arrives in order to work.
✔✔Cuticle - ✔✔The outermost layer of cells of an insect's exoskeleton and the waxy
layer covering it.
✔✔Defoliation - ✔✔The premature loss of leaves of a plant. This can be from some of
the leaves completely dropping of or from parts of leaves being eaten by insects. On
woody deciduous plants, the leaves generally will reappear with the next growing
season.
,✔✔Degree days - ✔✔Name for one method of measuring the occurrence of
temperatures above a growth threshold. Accumulated degree days are a good way to
determine when certain events will occur, such as a certain insect hatching or certain
plants flowering.
✔✔Depredation permit - ✔✔A permit to kill species of birds or vertebrates that are
causing damage to plants or property.
✔✔Developmental stages - ✔✔The distinct phases of growth for a plant (seedling,
vegetative, seed production, maturity) or insect (egg, larva, pupa and adult).
✔✔dieback - ✔✔Overall crown decline characterized by branch and leaf death of a tree
or shrub that is caused by disease or insect feeding.
✔✔Diluent - ✔✔Something used to dilute a concentrate. Rinsate 9the water or other
liquid used to rinse pesticide contaqiners) can be used as a diluent (diluting agent)
when a fresh solution of the same type of pesticide is mixed.
✔✔Disease - ✔✔A pathological condition affecting a part, orgaan or system of an
organism that results from various causes (such as infection, genetic defect or
environmental stress) and is characterized by an identifiable group of signs or
symptoms.
✔✔Disease pyramid - ✔✔A diagram showing the interrelationship of the four factors
(the presence of a pathogen, appropriate environmental conditions, an appropriate host
for the pathogen and time) required for a desease to develop.
✔✔Disorder - ✔✔A plant problem caused by unfavorable growing conditions
✔✔DNR - ✔✔Department of natural resources
✔✔Drift - ✔✔When a pesticide is blown off target by the wind.
✔✔Drift management plan - ✔✔A plan that can be presented to surrounding property
owners of a property to be treated that covers the toxicity of the pesticide, how it will be
applied and what steeps if any will be taken if applications are made on a day when the
application could drift onto adjacent properties.
✔✔Dripline - ✔✔The farthest extent of a tree or shrub canopy.
✔✔Drop spreader - ✔✔An applicator for granular formulations that places the chemical
evenly in a swatch as wide as the bottom of the spreader.
, ✔✔Economimc injury level - ✔✔The lowest density of pests at which damage caused
by the pest can be measured.
✔✔Economic threshold - ✔✔The density of pests at which the cost to manage a pest is
equal to the losses that pest causes.
✔✔Endoparasitic - ✔✔A parasite that lives inside the host.
✔✔Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) - ✔✔The federal agency responsible for
regulating pesticide sale, use and registration.
✔✔Epicormic shoots - ✔✔"Sucker" growth that originates low on a bush or tree or from
its rootstock and is often the result of a physical injury or insects feeding under the bark
and restricting water and nutrient flow.
✔✔Federal Depredation Permit - ✔✔A permit issued by the U.S Department of
Fisheries and Wildlife that landowners must have before starting any control activies
directed against migratory birds.
✔✔Federal insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) - ✔✔The federal law
that covers the registration and use of pesticides in the United States.
✔✔Flagging - ✔✔Wilting or drooping of branches or stems.
✔✔Foliar application - ✔✔A pesticide application made to the leaves of a plant.
✔✔Formulation - ✔✔The form in which a pesiticide is purchased. Common formulations
are powdered and liquid concentrates, granular formulations designed to be applied
without mixing with water, and pre-diluted, ready-to-apply liquid formulations generally
for use by homeowners.
✔✔Frass - ✔✔Insect excrement.
✔✔Frost Pocket - ✔✔A local spot that may be prtected from wind and where front may
develop before it does in the surrounding areas.
✔✔Fungi - ✔✔The taxonomic kingdom that includes yeasts, molds and mushrooms.
fungi do not contain chlorophyll. Several speciare are plant pathogens.
✔✔Fungicide - ✔✔A pesticide that is formulated to control fungal diseases.
✔✔Gall - ✔✔An abnormal swelling of plant tissue caused by the presence of
microorganisms or insects.
