WGU D236 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
FINAL EXAM-WITH 100% VERIFIED
SOLUTIONS-/A+ GRADE
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Terms in this set (114)
, A drop in blood pressure is sensed
by the kidneys by low perfusion,
which in turn begins to secrete renin.
Renin then triggers the liver to
produce angiotensinogen, which is
converted to Angiotensin I in the
How does the
lungs and then angiotensin II by the
RAAS (Renin-
enzyme
Angiotensin-
Aldosterone
Angiotensin-converting enzyme
System) result in
(ACE). Angiotensin II stimulates
increased blood
peripheral arterial vasoconstriction
volume and
which raises BP.
increased blood
pressure?
Angiotensin II is also stimulating the
adrenal gland to release
aldosterone, which acts to increase
sodium and water reabsorption
increasing blood volume, while also
increased potassium secretion in
urine.
, The innate immune system
encompasses physical barriers and
chemical and cellular defenses.
Physical barriers protect the body
from invasion. These include things
like the skin and eyelashes. Chemical
barriers are defense mechanisms
that can destroy harmful agent.
Examples include tears, mucous,
and stomach acid.
Cellular defenses of the innate
immune response are non-specific.
These cellular defenses identify
Differentiate
pathogens and substances that are
between Innate
potentially dangerous and takes
Immunity and
steps to neutralize or destroy them.
Adaptive
Immunity ?
Adaptive immunity is an organism's
acquired immunity to a specific
pathogen. As such, it's also referred
to as acquired immunity. Adaptive
immunity is not immediate, nor does
it always last throughout an
organism's entire lifespan, although
it can.
, The adaptive immune response is
marked by clonal expansion of T and
B lymphocytes, releasing many
antibody copies to neutralize or
destroy their target antigen
Normal levels of potassium are
between 3.5 and 5.2 mEq/dL.
Hyperkalemia refers to potassium
levels higher that 5.2 mEq/dL.
How can A major function of potassium is to
hyperkalemia conduct nerve impulses in muscles.
lead to cardiac Too low and muscle weakness
arrest? occurs and too much can cause
muscle spasms.
This is especially dangerous in the
heart muscle and an irregular
heartbeat can cause a heart attack
FINAL EXAM-WITH 100% VERIFIED
SOLUTIONS-/A+ GRADE
Save
Terms in this set (114)
, A drop in blood pressure is sensed
by the kidneys by low perfusion,
which in turn begins to secrete renin.
Renin then triggers the liver to
produce angiotensinogen, which is
converted to Angiotensin I in the
How does the
lungs and then angiotensin II by the
RAAS (Renin-
enzyme
Angiotensin-
Aldosterone
Angiotensin-converting enzyme
System) result in
(ACE). Angiotensin II stimulates
increased blood
peripheral arterial vasoconstriction
volume and
which raises BP.
increased blood
pressure?
Angiotensin II is also stimulating the
adrenal gland to release
aldosterone, which acts to increase
sodium and water reabsorption
increasing blood volume, while also
increased potassium secretion in
urine.
, The innate immune system
encompasses physical barriers and
chemical and cellular defenses.
Physical barriers protect the body
from invasion. These include things
like the skin and eyelashes. Chemical
barriers are defense mechanisms
that can destroy harmful agent.
Examples include tears, mucous,
and stomach acid.
Cellular defenses of the innate
immune response are non-specific.
These cellular defenses identify
Differentiate
pathogens and substances that are
between Innate
potentially dangerous and takes
Immunity and
steps to neutralize or destroy them.
Adaptive
Immunity ?
Adaptive immunity is an organism's
acquired immunity to a specific
pathogen. As such, it's also referred
to as acquired immunity. Adaptive
immunity is not immediate, nor does
it always last throughout an
organism's entire lifespan, although
it can.
, The adaptive immune response is
marked by clonal expansion of T and
B lymphocytes, releasing many
antibody copies to neutralize or
destroy their target antigen
Normal levels of potassium are
between 3.5 and 5.2 mEq/dL.
Hyperkalemia refers to potassium
levels higher that 5.2 mEq/dL.
How can A major function of potassium is to
hyperkalemia conduct nerve impulses in muscles.
lead to cardiac Too low and muscle weakness
arrest? occurs and too much can cause
muscle spasms.
This is especially dangerous in the
heart muscle and an irregular
heartbeat can cause a heart attack
