AQA A level Biology - Topic 6 - Survival and Response Questions and Answers

AQA A level Biology - Topic 6 - Survival
and Response Questions and Answers
WhatAisAaAstimulus?A-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
AAchangeAinAtheAenvironmentAofAanAorganism
WhatAisAaAtacticAresponse?A-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
DirectionalAmovementAinAresponseAtoAaAstimulus
WhatAisAaAkineticAresponse?A-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
NonAdirectionalArandomAmovementAinAresponseAtoAaAstimulus
WhatAisAaApositiveAandAnegativeAtaxis?A-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-PositiveAtaxis-
AorganismAmovesAtowardsAstimulusA

NegativeAtaxisA-AorganismAmovesAawayAfromAstimulus
WhatAAreAreceptors?A-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-DetectAstimuli-
AcanAbeAcellsAorAproteinsAonAcellAsurfaceAmembraneA,AloadsAofAdifferentAtypes

WhatAareAeffectors?A-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
CellsAthatAbringAaboutAaAresponseAtoAaAstimulusAtoAprovideAanAeffectA(AmuscleAcells,Agland
s)
ReceptorsAcommunicateAwithAeffectorsAviaAtheA.......A-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
NervousAorAhormonalAsystemAorAboth
WhatAareAtheA3AtypesAofAneurones?A-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-SensoryAneuronesA
MotorAneuronesA
RelayAneurones
WhatAdoAsensoryAneuronsAdo?A-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
TheyAcarryAimpulsesAfromAreceptorsAtoAtheACNS.
WhatAdoAmotorAneuronesAdo?A-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
TransmitAelectricalAimpulsesAfromAtheAcentralAnervousAsystemAtoAtheAeffectors
WhatAdoArelayAneuronesAdo?A-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
TransmitAelectricalAimpulsesAbetweenAsensoryAneuronesAandAmotorAneurones
WhatAisAtheAorderAofAnervousAcommunicationAincludingAneuronesA-
ACORRECTAANSWERSA-

StimulusA>AreceptorsA>AsensoryAneurones>ACNSA>AmotorAneuroneA>AeffectorsA>Arespons
e
OutlineAnervousAcommunicationA-ACORRECTAANSWERSA--
AStimulusAdetectedAbyAreceptorAcellsAandAelectricalAimpulseAsentAalongAsensoryAneurone

-
AElectricalAimpulseAreachesAendAofAneuroneA,neurotransmittersAtakeAinfoAacrossAsynapseA

toAtheAnextAneuroneAwhereAanotherAimpulseAisAgenerated
-
AtheAcentralAnervousAsystemAprocesssAinfoAandAsendsAimpulsesAalongAmotorAneuronesAtoA

effector
ExplainAwhatAneurotransmittersAdoA-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
They'reAchemicalAmessengersAsecretedAontoAtargetAcellsAcreatingAaAlocalisedAresponseAw
hichAisArapidAandAshortAlivedAasAthey'reAquicklyAremovedAafterAthey'veAdoneAtheirAjob

,WhatAisAaAsimpleAreflex?A-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
RapidAinvoluntaryAresponseAtoAaAstimulus,AgoesAthroughAspinalAcordAbutAnotAconsciousApa
rtAofAtheAbrainA-Athey'reAprotectiveAaAfast
WhatAisAtheAreflexAarc?A-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
PathwayAofAneuronesAlinkingAreceptorsAtoAeffectors
WhatAisAaAtropism?A-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
ResponseAofAaAplantAtoAaAdirectionalAstimulus
WhatAisAaApositiveAtropism?A-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-GrowthAtowardsAtheAstimulus
WhatAisAaAnegativeAtropism?A-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-GrowthAawayAfromAstimulus
WhatAisAaAphototropism?A-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-GrowthAofAaAplantAinAresponseAtoAlight
ShootsAareA..................AphototropicAandAgrowA..................AlightA-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
Positively
Towards
RootsAareA...............AphototropicAandAgrowA..................AfromAtheAlightA-
ACORRECTAANSWERSA-NegativelyA

Away
WhatAisAgravitropism?A(AakaAgeotropism)A-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
GrowthAofAaAplantAinAresponseAtoAgravity
ShootsAareA.....................AgravitropicAandAgrowA................ArootsAareA...............AgravitropicA
andAgrowA..............A-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-NegativelyA
Upwards
PositivelyA
Downwards
WhatAareAgrowthAfactors?AAndAwhereAareAtheyAproduced?A-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
HormoneAlikeAchemicalsAinAplantsAthatAspeedAupAorAslowAdownAplantAgrowthA
ProducedAinAGrowingAregionsAofAplantAandAmoveAtoAwhereAneeded
WhatAareAauxins?A-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-plantAhormonesA-AgrowthAfactors
HowAdoAauxinsAwork?A-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
ProducedAinAtipsAofAshootsAandAdiffuseAbackwardsAtoAstimulateAtheAcellAjustAbehindAtheAtip
sAtoAelongate
WhatAisAindoleaceticAacidA(AIAA)A?A-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
AnAauxinAthatAisAproducedAinAtheAtipsAofAshootsAandAroots
ExplainAtheAmovementAandAaffectsAofAindoleaceticAacidAinAplantsA-
ACORRECTAANSWERSA-MovesAaroundAtoAcontrolAtropism-

AmovesAbyAdiffusionAandAactiveAtransportAoverAshortAdistancesAandAviaAtheAphloemAinAlong

Adistances.

ThisAresultsAinAdifferentAconcentrationsAleadingAtoAunevenAgrowth,
RootAgrowthAisA.....................AbyAhighAconcentrationsAofAIAAA.AShootAgrowthAisA................A
byAhighAconcentrationsAofAIAAA-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-InhibitedA
Promoted
WhatAisAtheArestingApotential?A-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
TheApotentialAdifferenceA(AorAvoltage)AwhenAaAcellAisAatArest
WhenAaAnervousAsystemAreceptorAisAinAitsAtestingAstate,AtheAinsideAisA..................AchargedA
comparedAtoAtheAoutsideA-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-Negatively
WhatAisAaAgeneratorApotential?A-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
TheAchangeAinApotentialAdifferenceAdueAtoAaAstimulus

, AAbiggerAstimulusAexcitesAtheAmembraneAmoreAcausingAaAbiggerAmovementAinA............Aan
dAaAbiggerAchangeAinA...............A.................AsoAaAbiggerA..................A.......................AisAprod
ucedA-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-Ions
PotentialAdifferenceA
GeneratorApotential
WhatAisAanAactionApotential?A-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
AnAelectricalAimpulseAalongAaAneuroneAtriggeredAifAtheAgeneratorApotentialAisAbigAenough
AnAactionApotentialAisAonlyAtriggeredAifAtheAgeneratorApotentialAreachesAaAcertainAlevelAcall
ed............A-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-ThresholdAlevel
ActionApotentialsAareAallAoneAsizeAsoAtheAstrengthAofAtheAstimulusAisAmeasuredAbyAwhat?A-
ACORRECTAANSWERSA-TheAfrequencyAofAactionApotentials

WhatAareApacinianAcorpuscles?A-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-Mechanoreceptors-
detectAmechanicalAstimuliAsuchAasApressureAandAvibrations
WhatAisAaAsensoryAnerveAending?A-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
EndAofAaAsensoryAneuroneAandAisAwrappedAinAloadsAofAconnectiveAtissueAcalledAlamellae
ExplainAwhatAhappensAwhenAaApacinianAcorpuscleAisAstimulatedA-
ACORRECTAANSWERSA-

LamellaeAareAdeformedAandApressAonAsensoryAnerveAending,AthisAcausesAsAtheAneuronesA
cellAmembraneAtoAstretchAwhichAdeformsAtheAstretchAmediatedAionAchannels,AchannelsAop
enAandAsodiumAionsAdiffuseAintoAcellAcreatingAgeneratorApotential
WhatAareAphotoreceptors?A-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
ReceptorsAinAyourAeyeAthatAdetectAlight
LightAentersAtheAeyeAthroughAtheA...................A-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-Pupil
TheAamountAofAlightAthatAentersAtheAeyeAisAcontrolledAbyAtheAmusclesAofAtheA.............A-
ACORRECTAANSWERSA-Iris

LightAraysAareAfocusedAbyAtheA...............AontoAtheA..................AwhichAlinesAtheAinsideAofAthe
AeyeA-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-Lens

Retina
PhotoreceptorAcellsAareAfoundAinAtheA......A-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-Retina
TheA................AisAanAareaAofAtheAretinaAwhereAthereAareAlotsAofAphotoreceptorsA-
ACORRECTAANSWERSA-Fovea

NerveAimpulsesAfromAtheAphotoreceptorAcellsAareAcarriedAfromAtheAretinaAtoAtheAbrainAbyAt
heA..................A-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-OpticalAnerve
WhereAtheAopticAnerveAnerveAleavesAtheAeyeAisAcalledAtheA..................AthereAareAnoAphotor
eceptorsAhereA-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-BlindAspot
OutlineAhowAphotoreceptorsAworkA(A4Asteps)A-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
1.ALightAentersAtheAeye,AhitsAtheAphotoreceptorsAandAisAabsorbedAbyAlightAsensitiveAoptical
ApigmentsA

2.ALightAbleachesApigmentsAcausingAchemicalAchangeAandAalteringAmembraneApermeabili
tyAtoAsodiumAionsA
3.AGeneratorApotentialAisAcreatedAandAifAitAreachesAthresholdAaAnerveAimpulseAisAsentAalon
gAaAbipolarAnerveA
4.ABipolarAneuronesAconnectAphotoreceptorsAtoAtheAopticAnerveAwhichAtakesAimpulsesAtoA
brain
WhatAareAtheA2AtypesAofAphotoreceptorsAinAtheAhumanAeyeA-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
RodsAandAcones