NUR 228 DM Exam Questions with Correct Answers Graded A+
what is the body's main source of energy - Answers glucose
glycogen - Answers insulin allows glucose to be stored in the liver as glycogen
liver can release glucose back into circulation when glucose levels start to fall after a meal
glycolysis - Answers glucose catabolism in cells
yields 2 molecules of pyruvic acid and net gain of 2 ATP
gluconeogenesis - Answers production of glucose from lactate and amino acids
important in starvation: glucose production from non-carbohydrate components in the mitchondria
glycogenolysis - Answers in the presence of glucagon, glycogen is released by the liver, as glucose
glycogenesis - Answers production of glycogen, in the liver, when there is excess carbohydrates
what is glucose converted into to use as energy - Answers ATP
can glucose freely diffuse across a cell membrane - Answers no, it has to be transported by protein
carrier molecules (facilitated diffusion)
where can glucose freely diffuse across - Answers gi tract, renal tubules
rate of ___________ secretion controls glucose utilization - Answers insulin
movement of glucose (facilitated diffusion) is facilitated by what - Answers insulin
pancreatic alpha cells secrete what - Answers glucagon
pancreatic beta cells secrete what - Answers insulin and amylin
pancreatic delta cells secrete what - Answers gastrin and somatostatin
the secretion of glucagon by the pancreas is stimulated by what - Answers low blood sugar level
secretion of insulin by the pancreas is stimulated by what - Answers increased blood glucose,
parasympathetic nervous system
what is A1C - Answers the average blood sugar over a 3 month period
what is normal glucose fasting level - Answers <100mg/dl
how does chronic hyperglycemia affect the pancreas - Answers erodes the ability of the cells in the
pancreas to make insulin
what are some complications of diabetes - Answers -kidney disease
, -CVA
-MI
-Vision loss
-Decreased immune function
-Nerve damage
-Poor circulation
is type I or type II diabetes more common - Answers type II
what are the 2 types of DMI - Answers -Idiopathic
-Autoimmune: slow, progressive destruction of the beta cells (no insulin production)
what will happen with fluid when someone has a high blood glucose - Answers increased glucose -->
increased tonicity so hypertonic will pull fluid in
DM s/s - Answers -Fatigue
-Polyuria
-Polyphagia
-Polydipsia
-Wounds won't heal
-Blurry vision
-Numb or tingling hands or feet
-Vaginal infections
Type I DM s/s - Answers -Increased glucose in blood (osmotic effect --> fluid is pulled out of cells to the
vascular space)
-Increased glucose in urine (polyuria)
-Fatigue (no glucose for energy)
-Polyphagia, polydipsia
-Delayed wound healing
what is the body's main source of energy - Answers glucose
glycogen - Answers insulin allows glucose to be stored in the liver as glycogen
liver can release glucose back into circulation when glucose levels start to fall after a meal
glycolysis - Answers glucose catabolism in cells
yields 2 molecules of pyruvic acid and net gain of 2 ATP
gluconeogenesis - Answers production of glucose from lactate and amino acids
important in starvation: glucose production from non-carbohydrate components in the mitchondria
glycogenolysis - Answers in the presence of glucagon, glycogen is released by the liver, as glucose
glycogenesis - Answers production of glycogen, in the liver, when there is excess carbohydrates
what is glucose converted into to use as energy - Answers ATP
can glucose freely diffuse across a cell membrane - Answers no, it has to be transported by protein
carrier molecules (facilitated diffusion)
where can glucose freely diffuse across - Answers gi tract, renal tubules
rate of ___________ secretion controls glucose utilization - Answers insulin
movement of glucose (facilitated diffusion) is facilitated by what - Answers insulin
pancreatic alpha cells secrete what - Answers glucagon
pancreatic beta cells secrete what - Answers insulin and amylin
pancreatic delta cells secrete what - Answers gastrin and somatostatin
the secretion of glucagon by the pancreas is stimulated by what - Answers low blood sugar level
secretion of insulin by the pancreas is stimulated by what - Answers increased blood glucose,
parasympathetic nervous system
what is A1C - Answers the average blood sugar over a 3 month period
what is normal glucose fasting level - Answers <100mg/dl
how does chronic hyperglycemia affect the pancreas - Answers erodes the ability of the cells in the
pancreas to make insulin
what are some complications of diabetes - Answers -kidney disease
, -CVA
-MI
-Vision loss
-Decreased immune function
-Nerve damage
-Poor circulation
is type I or type II diabetes more common - Answers type II
what are the 2 types of DMI - Answers -Idiopathic
-Autoimmune: slow, progressive destruction of the beta cells (no insulin production)
what will happen with fluid when someone has a high blood glucose - Answers increased glucose -->
increased tonicity so hypertonic will pull fluid in
DM s/s - Answers -Fatigue
-Polyuria
-Polyphagia
-Polydipsia
-Wounds won't heal
-Blurry vision
-Numb or tingling hands or feet
-Vaginal infections
Type I DM s/s - Answers -Increased glucose in blood (osmotic effect --> fluid is pulled out of cells to the
vascular space)
-Increased glucose in urine (polyuria)
-Fatigue (no glucose for energy)
-Polyphagia, polydipsia
-Delayed wound healing
